The use of complex microfertilisers on a chelated basis in agricultural technologies of the main crops is limited due to the lack of clear recommendations on the norm, methods, and timing of their use in particular production conditions and the levels of expected yield increase. Based on the rather specific mechanism of action of drugs, these recommendations are adjusted by investigating the level of reaction of plants and crops in particular zonal and weather conditions. The purpose of this study was to establish the reaction of soybean varieties to foliar top-dressing with complex Vuksal Microplant microfertiliser. Scientific research was conducted according to the field method during 2019-2021. According to the scheme of the experiment, the following varieties were investigated: Krynytsia, ES Hladiator, Melodiia, Korona, Feieriia, Etiud, Sava, Orfei, Everest, which are classified as early-maturing. The crop was fertilised according to the following variants: N15P30K40; N15P30K40+1 Vuksal Microplant top-dressing and N15P30K40+2 Vuksal Microplant top-dressing. According to the tasks of experimental studies, the field germination rate of seeds was identified by calculating the density of plants in the phase of full germination for all repetitions of the experiment; phenological observations were made in variants of the experiment using the method of variety testing of agricultural crops; the leaf surface area was determined according to the clear-cutting method and the yield was established according to the weight method using direct combining of each site. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using the Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 application software package. A variant of the fertiliser system was established, which provides a substantial impact on soybean yield and a variety that formed stable productivity over years with changing weather conditions. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to grow the Etiud soybean variety in production crops with culture fertilisation according to the system of applying macroelements at the rate of N15P30K40 and performing two top-dressings with the Vuksal Microplant complex fertiliser on a chelate basis at the rate of 2 l/ha. The first spraying should be carried out in the phase of 2 ternate leaves (BBCH 13-14), and the second in the phase of bean formation (BBCH 70-71)

Background. Estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid content is an informative way to obtain ideas about the plants photosynthetic process and is an indirect method for assessing the productivity of plant crops, including cereals. As the worldwide interest at now for traditional and natural foods is growing, in the work we used one of the oldest grain crops – emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl.) which was cultivated in traditional and organic farming system. Objective. The study aim was to determine the role of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the emmer wheat productivity formation by traditional and organic farming technology under different pre-sowing seed treatment systems. Methods. Field experiment was establishment during 2019–2021 on low-humus, hard-loam chernozems, the condition of which meets the “virgin land” criterion. The emmer wheat cultivation in organic technology was carried out in crop rotation: winter rye (green manure crop) – mustard (to improve the field phytosanitary condition and soil organic matter indicators) – emmer wheat. Two variants of pre-sowing seed treatment were studied: irradiation with ultraviolet light of the C range (100–280 nm) and seed treatment with 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation. The pre-sowing seed treatment in the traditional technology of the emmer wheat cultivation was carried out by the UV-C irradiation. In organic technology both UV-C irradiation and treatment with 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation of natural origin were used. Statistical data processing was performed by methods of descriptive statistics, regression and analysis of variance by the program Statistica 10.0. The experimental data significance was evaluated by using multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate the least significant difference (LSD05). Results. It was found the use of UV-C seeds irradiation in organic and traditional cultivation technologies leads to increase in the chlorophyll a (Chl a) content by 9.2 % and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content by 14.5 % in plants grown by organic technology, however to decrease in carotenoid content (Ct) by 14.9 %. The increase in the photosynthetic pigments content by UV-C seeds irradiation lead to yield increase from 4.26 t/ha by the traditional technology to 5.17 t/ha by the organic technology, ie by 21.4 %. In organic technology based on the comparison of the photosynthetic apparatus main indicators of the emmer wheat and yield, the most effective method for seed treatment was determined. It was established that at result of 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation application in pre-sowing seed treatment, the Chl a concentration decreased by 2.4 %, the Chl b and Ct concentration increased by 5 and 25.5 %, respectively, compared with plants grown from UV-C irradiated seeds. When 1r Seed Treatment was used for pre-sowing treatment yield was 5.58 t/ha, while at UV-C seed treatment – 5.17 t/ha, ie, the yield increase was 8 %. An inverse correlation between the ratio of the photosynthetic pigments Chl a/Chl b content and the emmer wheat yield was determined. Conclusions. According to the study results, it can be assumed that the introduction of organic farming technology with pre-sowing seed treatment by the 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation can increase the emmer wheat yield by 31% compared to the traditional technology. Thus, the photosynthetic pigments content and their ratio can be the effectiveness indicators of the implemented agricultural technologies.

Determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid content is an important way of obtaining information about the plant's photosynthetic activity as well as an indirect method of assessing the productivity of plant crops, particularly grain crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the productivity formation of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl) grown under the traditional and organic farming systems and the different pre-sowing seed treatment methods. The base indicators of the photosynthetic apparatus (chlorophyll and carotenoid content, ratio of photosynthetic pigments) were evaluated in the emmer wheat plants as a function of the cultivation technology and pre-sowing seed treatment. The cultivation of the emmer wheat under organic technology was carried out in crop rotation: winter rye – mustard – T. dicoccum wheat. The pre-sowing seed treatment in the traditional technology of emmer wheat cultivation was carried out only by the UV-C irradiation. In the organic technology, both UV-C irradiation and treatment with humic preparation of natural origin “1r Seed Treatment” were used. The content of chlorophyll a (by 9.2%) and chlorophyll b (by 14.5%) increased in the emmer wheat plants under the organic technology cultivation compared to the traditional technology, but with the same method of seed treatment (UV-C irradiation). As a result, the yield increase was 21.0%. The application of the “1r Seed Treatment” humic preparation in the pre-sowing seed treatment led to the increase in yield by ~ 8.0% compared to the plots with UV-C irradiation seeds treatment under organic farming cultivation. An inverse correlation between the ratio of chlorophyll a/ chlorophyll b and the crop yield has been established. The evaluation of economic indicators of the emmer wheat cultivation in the rotation: winter rye-mustard-emmer wheat under organic farming technology, proved its high profitability. So, the photosynthetic pigments’ content and their ratio can be used as the indicators of the efficiency of the introduced elements of agrotechnologies and for predicting future yields.

Мета статті – встановлення рівня мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак у генотипів сої в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України. Для результативності роботи, спрямованої на створення високопродуктивних сортів, необхідно удосконалювати методи селекції. При цьому важливе значення має встановлення рівня мінливості у сортів та сортозразків сої. Методика дослідження. Для наукового обґрунтування мети і реалізації встановлених завдань та узагальнення результатів дослідження застосовували наступні методи: загальнонаукові (визначення напряму дослідження, планування і закладка досліду, проведення спостережень); спеціальні (польовий ‒ для спостереження за фенологічними фазами розвитку та станом рослин; лабораторний (вимірювально-ваговий) ‒ для визначення структурних показників та продуктивності рослин, виявлення господарсько цінних ознак рослин); математично-статистичний (для обробки експериментальних даних, визначення параметрів мінливості ознак і визначення достовірності одержаних результатів). Результати дослідження. У статті наведено результати досліджень з вивчення мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак у сої в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України. З’ясовано, що високий рівень мінливості мають ознаки «маса насіння з рослини» (V=22,8%) і «кількість бобів на рослині» (V=22,9%). Середнім рівнем мінливості характеризувалися ознаки «кількість насіння з рослини» (V=16,4,%), «маса 1000 насінин» (V=11,1%), «висота рослини» (V=13,4%), «висота прикріплення нижнього бобу» (V=17,1%). Елементи наукової новизни. Доведено, що на основі детального вивчення мінливості кількісних ознак у генотипів сої можливо ефективно проводити селекційну роботу зі створення високопродуктивних сортів. У селекційному процесі необхідно орієнтуватися на стабільні показники кількісних ознак. У наших дослідженнях це «кількість насіння з рослини», «маса 1000 насінин», «висота рослини», «висота прикріплення нижнього бобу». Практична значущість. Вивчення мінливості господарсько-цінних ознак сої забезпечує результативне ведення селекції. The aim of the article is to establish the variability level of economically-valuable characteristics of soybean genotypes under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is necessary to improve the selection methods for the efficient work, aimed at creating highly-productive varieties. Moreover, it is important to establish the variability level of soybean varieties and variety samples. Methods of the research. The following methods were used to substantiate scientifically the purpose, implement the established tasks and summarize the research results: general-scientific (studying the direction of the research, planning and carrying out the experiment; conducting observations); special (field – to observe phenological development stages and the condition of plants; laboratory (measuring-weighing) – to determine structural indices and plant productivity, to detect economically-valuable plant signs); mathematical-statistical (to process experimental data, determine the parameters of variability signs and define the significance of the obtained results). The research results. The research results of studying the variability of economically-valuable characteristics of soybean under the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been given in the article. It has been established that the following characteristics have a high level of variability: the seed weight per plant (V=22.8%) and the number of pods on a plant (V=22.9%). Such characteristics as the number of seeds per plant (V=16.4%), the weight of 1000 seeds (V=11.1%), plant height (V=13.4%), and also the height of the lower pod attachment (V=17.1%) are characterized by the average level of variability. The elements of scientific novelty. It has been proved that based on the detailed studying the quantitative signs’ variability of soybean genotypes, it is possible to conduct effectively the selection work in creating highly productive varieties. In the selection process one should be oriented at stable indices of quantitative signs. In our research these are: the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, plant height, and the height of the lower pod attachment. Practical importance. Studying the variability of economically-valuable...

В статті наведені результати досліджень щодо формування насіннєвої продуктивності колекційних зразків сої протягом 2013–2015 рр. Виділено цінні зразки для подальшої селекційної роботи за такими важливими ознаками, як маса 1000 насінин та відповідно кількість насіння з рослини та маса насіння з рослини. Встановили, що серед зразків ультраскоростиглої групи за ознакою маса 1000 насінин суттєво перевищували сорт-стандарт Аннушку такі зразки, як ОАС Vision (167,33г), LF-8 (155,00 г), Gaillard (162,33 г), Злата (150,00 г). В скоростиглій групі такі сорти, як Алмаз (183,67 г), Устя (179,33 г), Кивін (184,67 г), Адамос (164,67 г ), Вільшанка (165,00 г), Мрія (168,00 г), Юг-40 (165,67 г), Фортуна (168,00 г), Поема (171,00 г), Хвиля (173,00 г), Артеміда (165,00 г) були кращими за сорт-стандарт Васильківська. Кращими за сорт-стандарт Чернівецьку-8 у середньостиглій групі стиглості були Подолянка (178,33 г), Маша (176,67 г), Фарватер (176,33 г), Славія (176,00 г), Ельдорадо (179,33 г), Іванка (175,33 г). Стабільним за коефіцієнтом регресії (b_i) з високою масою 1000 насінин виділено зразок Алмаз (b_i=0,96). Стабільними за коефіцієнтом регресії (b_i) з високою масою насіння з рослини виділені зразки Кивін (b_i=0,87), OAC Vision (b_i=0,35), LF-8 (b_i=0,69). Стабільним за коефіцієнтом регресії (b_i) з високою кількістю насіння з рослини виділено зразок Кивін (b_i=0,97). The article presents the results of research on the formation of seed productivity of soybean collection samples for 2013–2015. Evaluation of breeding material in a complex of economic and valuable features is important for the creation of new high-yield varieties with adaptive potential. The valuable samples for further breeding work have been selected for such important features as the mass of 1000 seeds and the amount of seed from the plant and the mass of seed from the plant, respectively. It was found that among the specimens of the ultra-fast-growing group on the basis of the mass of 1000 seeds, the samples such as OAS Vision (167.33 g), LF-8 (155.00 g), Gaillard (162.33 g), Zlata ( 150.00 g). In the fast-growing group, such varieties as Diamond (183.67 g), Ustia (179.33 g), Kivin (184.67 g), Adamos (164.67 g), Vlishanka (165.00 g), Mriya (168.00 g), South-40 (165.67 g), Fortun (168.00 g), Poem (171.00 g), Hvylia (173.00 g), Artemis (165.00 g) were better than the variety-standart Vasyl’kivska. The best-in-class than standard Chernivtsi-8 in the middle-eastern group of maturity was Podolianka (178.33 g), Masha (176.67 g), Farwater (176.33 g), Slavia (176.00 g), Eldorado (179.33 g), Ivanka (175.33 g). The sample Diamond (bi=0,96) is steady with a coefficient of regression (bi) with a high weight of 1000 seeds. One of the main signs in the structure of the plant, which determines the productivity of the variety, is the mass of seeds from the plant. On average, over three years in the ultra-fast-growing group, the collection samples formed a mass of seed from the plant – OAS Vision – 24.20 g, LF-8 – 22.33 g, Gaillard – 18.27 g, Zlata – 17.63 g. In the strain – Diamond 29.77 g, Ustia – 24.50 g, Kivin – 28.90 g, Adamos – 25.20 g, Vlishanka – 23.03 g, Dream – 24.63 g, South-40 – 23.60 g, Fortune – 23.40 g, Poem – 24,53 g, Hvylia – 28,57 g, Artemis – 22,37 g. In the middle-eastern group of ripeness – Podolianka – 27.83 g, Masha – 27.90 g, Farwater – 30.33 g, Slavia – 24.33 g, Eldorado – 28.83 g, Ivanka – 25.87 g. Regular bias stable (bi) with high weight of seed from the plant you Distributed Kivin samples (bi=0.87), OAC Vision (bi=0.35), LF-8 (bi=0.69). The average number of seeds from the plant in the collection varieties of soybeans varied in 2013 from 58.1 to 182.4 pcs., in 2014 – from 68.5 to 175.6 pp., in 2015 – from 54.6 to 173,1 pcs. On average over three years in the ultra-fast-growing group, the collection samples formed the amount of seed from the plant – OAS Vision – 127.30 pcs., LF-8 – 115.00 pcs., Gaillard – 111.80 pcs., Zlata – 104.63 pcs. In the fast-cutting – Diamond 136.37 units, Ustia – 121.77 units, Kivin – 177.03 units, Adamos – 125.67 units, Vil’shanka – 118.87 units, Mriya – 118.17 units, South-40 – 111.70 pieces, Fortuna – 119.03 units, Poem – 114.37 units, Hvylia – 141.90 units, Artemis – 111.73 units. In the middle age group of ripeness – Podolianka – 122.93 units, Masha – 125.77 units, Farwater – 131.07 units, Slavia – 120.10 units, Eldorado – 128.53 units, Ivanka – 119.67 pcs. A sample of Kivin (bi=0,97) is steady under the coefficient of regression (bi) with high amount of plant seeds. As a result of the research conducted on such important features as the mass of 1000 seeds, the amount of seed from the plant, the weight of the seeds from the plant highlighted valuable samples OAS Vision, LF-8, Gaillard, Zlata, Diamond, Ustia, Kivin, Adamos, Vil’shanka, Mriya, South-40, Fortune, Poem, Hvylia, Podolianka, Masha, Farwater, Slavia, Eldorado, Ivanka, which are expedient to use for further breeding work.