Significance: Active torque generation in the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in driving left–right symmetry breaking of developing embryos, but which molecules generate the active torque and how active torque generation is organized subcellularly remain unclear. This study shows that cortical Formin, recruited to cortical regions where RhoA signaling is active, promotes active torque generation in the actomyosin layer. We find that active torque tends to locally rotate the cortex in a clockwise fashion, which drives the emergence of chiral counterrotating flows with consistent handedness and facilitates left–right symmetry breaking ofC. elegansembryos.

Among the wealth of ethnic media outlets in Eastern Europe, the Romani media have grown faster than any others despite small audiences and the poverty, illiteracy and absence of social, political and linguistic cohesiveness of their natural constituency in the region. Yet, beyond their potential symbolic value, the growth of the Romani media appears to defy the customary expectations with regard to functions, roles and effects in a region where the ethnic media aid minority identity, cultural preservation and participation.

Nephrotic syndrome in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by heavy proteinuria. Because of a lack of efficient therapy, FSGS often leads to end‐stage renal failure. Recurrence of FSGS and nephrotic syndrome is common after renal transplantation and has been reported in 15–55% of patients [1]. It has been suggested that the plasma of these patients contains one or more factors, which increase glomerular permeability to proteins. Plasma exchange and plasma‐adsorption using protein A Sepharose cartridges have been used successfully so far. Supposedly, these plasma‐treatments removed a factor(s) from plasma, which is (are) related to FSGS and the nephrotic syndrome. They were shown to effectively reduce proteinuria in FSGS [2–5]. In the present case, we performed immunoadsorption (IA) with a tryptophan‐covered exchange column, which effectively reduced proteinuria. This is the first report of tryptophan‐covered exchange columns in the treatment of FSGS. The patient was a kidney transplant recipient with FSGS and recurrent nephrotic syndrome.

Politics and media in Romania have more than just a symbiotic relationship, one in which they rely on each other. The elites that lead these two institutions share common values, beliefs, and attitudes, which translate into practices and behaviors. The end result is a corruptible, corrupt and corrupting relationship, between two corruptible, corrupt and corrupting institutions, that is detrimental to democracy in general, to the watchdog role of the media, and to their professionalization.

Purpose: Tolvaptan is the only approved drug for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and causes significant polyuria with secondary polydipsia. Up to now, there is no study that examines tolvaptan adherence and satisfaction with information received about tolvaptan in ADPKD patients 10 years after starting tolvaptan therapy. Patients and Methods: This pilot study includes 12 ADPKD patients that were formerly enrolled in the tolvaptan registration trials and have continued to use tolvaptan thereafter. Data were collected once via questionnaires on patients’ self-reported adherence (MARS-D: Medication Adherence Report Scale - German version) and satisfaction with the information received about tolvaptan (SIMS-D: Satisfaction with Information about Medicines Scale - German version) at the time of the present study. In addition, serum creatinine levels and clinical data were evaluated. Results: The MARS-D demonstrated strong adherence to tolvaptan (range of possible score: 5– 25; median: 23.5; range of individual results: 5). The SIMS-D showed a high level of satisfaction with the information received about the action and usage of tolvaptan (SIMS-D AU subscale; range of possible score: 0– 9; median: 9, range of individual results: 1), but also revealed dissatisfaction regarding the information received about potential problems of tolvaptan in 42% of the participants (SIMS-D PP subscale; range of possible score: 0– 8; median: 8, range of individual results: 6). During treatment with tolvaptan, the eGFR decreased from 78.8 ± 15.9 mL/min/1.73 m² to 48.3 ± 19.4 mL/min/1.73 m² (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Although patients reported strong adherence to tolvaptan, there was still dissatisfaction with the information received about potential problems with tolvaptan. Therefore, our data suggest conduction of at least one patient survey on adherence and satisfaction with the information received about tolvaptan during any tolvaptan treatment to improve patient education regarding the use of tolvaptan in slowing down of ADPKD.

This protocol is associated to the publication “Non-invasive perturbations of intracellular flow reveal physical principles of cell organization” by Mittasch et al., published in Nature Cell Biology.In the following, we describe the procedure for maintenance and preparation of C. elegans zygotes for imaging and application of FLUCS. Preparation of S. cerevisiae cells for microscopy and intracellular flow perturbations. S. cerevisiae cells were grown into logarithmic stage. Subsequently the S. cerevisiae cells were either grown for 2 hours or alternatively energy depleted through addition of 2-Desoxy-D-Glucose (inhibition of glycolysis) and antimycin A (inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production) for 2 h prior to flow induction. This treatment causes a more than 95% reduction in cellular ATP 2. Potentially this protocol is suitable to energy deplete all S. cerevisiae strains and closely related yeast species. A specific marker such as µNS-GFP1is needed to observe subsequent flow perturbations by microscopy.