Managing mosquito populations remains the most effective approach to mitigating arbovirus transmission. However, stressor-induced mortality under determined conditions can trigger compensatory or overcompensatory effects in adult mosquito characteristics (total biomass, individual size). In this study, we evaluated the role of Eucalyptus benthamii essential oil as a stressor on Aedes aegypti larvae, investigating its effects on larval development, adult size, longevity, and overall adult emergence. First-instar A. aegypti larvae were subjected to essential oil concentrations of 8.5 (LD50) and 18.5 ppm (LD90) in controlled laboratory conditions. We assessed pupal mortality, the proportion of pupae that successfully transitioned to adulthood, adult longevity (in days), larval growth rates, wing length, and overall larval mortality. The results revealed that the interaction between time and treatment had a significant effect on larval mortality. Although the essential oil concentration did not affect the number of larvae reaching adulthood, adult longevity and larval development time were notably extended under LD90 and LD50 concentration, respectively. Larval mortality rates were highest during the first week of exposure to the LD90 treatment. Furthermore, males and females produced in microcosms with LD50 and LD90 had significantly larger wings than in the control. These findings suggest that sublethal doses of E. benthamii essential oil may enhance certain adult A. aegypti population characteristics through overcompensatory mortality.