Central obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes. BMI does not reflect a regional fat distribution. The other anthropometric indices, which are markers of central obesity, like waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, are subject to age, sex, and ethnic variations. An index like waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), which considers central obesity, outperforms BMI in predicting cardiometabolic risk. With a single cut-off of 0.5, irrespective of age, sex, and ethnic variations, WHtR has a wide application in screening obesity in population settings. Previous systematic analyses were conducted in the general population, assessing cardiometabolic risk. The current study is the first systematic analysis to compare the applicability of WHtR and BMI in predicting both cardiovascular risk and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes. It includes prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized control trials to generate evidence. The summary scores indicate that WHtR is probably a better indicator than BMI to assess cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes. A future meta-analysis will pave the way for more robust evidence.

Kumar G, et al. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Oct;21(5):397-411. https://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.5.397

Incidence of horizontal root fracture in permanent dentition is relatively uncommon with reported incidence being <7%. Treatment and prognosis of such injuries vary with the location of fracture line. More apical the fracture lines more likely the favorable outcome. Treatment includes immobilization for 2–4 weeks and root canal treatment to allay any chance of failure. Subgingival root fracture with possible bacterial contamination and insufficient crown height require multidisciplinary approach for the successful treatment and help patients to retain their natural dentition. In cases of extreme mobility of coronal fragment, endodontic treatment, decoronation, and orthodontic extrusion provides clinicians easy and conservative treatment option to functionally and esthetically rehabilitate the fractured tooth. This case report describes similar treatment plan in the management of subgingival root fracture in two different cases involving mandibular lateral incisor and mandibular premolar.

Aim To assess and compare differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among preclinical and clinical dental students of Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Material and methods A total of 175 students responded to a total of 37 questions regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding dentistry and oral health. The mean percentage scores and standard deviation were calculated to assess the relation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Results It was observed that the students in the clinical phase had significantly better knowledge and attitude towards oral health than preclinical undergraduates. There was no significant difference in mean and SD among clinical and preclinical students in behavior while statistically significant differences were observed in their responses to questions related to knowledge (p = 0.000) and attitude (p = 0.007). Female students had better knowledge than male students (p = 0.029). Conclusion Clinical dental students of the institute showed a marginally higher KAP regarding oral health than preclinical students. This might reveal an ineffective transition of the students from the preclinical to the clinical stage. On intergender comparison, the females were better oriented than males towards oral health.