Let
be a multilinear polynomial in several non-commuting variables with coefficients in a quadratically closed field
of any characteristic. It has been conjectured that for any
, the image of
evaluated on the set
of
by
matrices is either zero, or the set of scalar matrices, or the set
of matrices of trace 0, or all of
. We prove the conjecture for
, and show that although the analogous assertion fails for completely homogeneous polynomials, one can salvage the conjecture in this case by including the set of all non-nilpotent matrices of trace zero and also permitting dense subsets of
.
Let
be a multilinear polynomial in several noncommuting variables, with coefficients in an algebraically closed field
of arbitrary characteristic. In this paper we classify the possible images of
evaluated on
matrices. The image is one of the following: {0}, the set of scalar matrices, a (Zariski-)dense subset of
, the matrices of trace 0, a dense subset of
, the set of
-scalar matrices (i.e., matrices having eigenvalues
where
is a cube root of 1), or the set of scalars plus
-scalar matrices.