We present a precipitation-strengthening strategy to produce a strong and ductile alloy at a broad range of temperatures.

Plasmonic color filters inherently suffer from angular sensitiveness, which hinder them from practical applications. Here, we present a plasmonic subtractive color filter incorporating two-dimensional randomly distributed silver nanodisks on top of a glass substrate. Due to the elimination of structural periodicity, the proposed plasmonic color filter works via localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and thus enables excellent angle-insensitive (up to 60°) performance. In addition, uncoupled LSPRs between nanodisks guarantee stability and reproducibility of the color filter. Finally, a palette of colors across the visible region was obtained with the proposed color filters by simply varying the diameter of nanodisks, exhibiting a promising and robust applicability in digital imaging and sensing industries.

We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmission spectra and colors are in good agreement with experimental results. The color-filtering behaviors strongly depend on thickness and period of nanodisks. Underlying mechanisms are also discussed in detail.