In the modern global environment, there is a trend of increasing and changing the structure of demand for agricultural sector products. This situation requires a market-oriented approach from agricultural producers, ranging from economic entities to individual farms. Serbia’s agricultural policy is characterized by short-term, ad hoc measures, which prevent predictions and timely adjustments by producers, leaving participants in the market chain uncertain about their long-term orientation. In the total value of agricultural production in 2023, crop production accounted for 69.8%, while livestock production accounted for 30.2%, whereas in developed EU countries, the ratio of crop to livestock production is reversed. This indicates a significant share of low-value-added production, or production with a low level of processing. This paper analyzes the state of Serbia’s agricultural sector, which is under pressure from poor agricultural policies, numerous internal weaknesses, and insufficient financial resources in an unstable geopolitical environment.

The process of globalization is the characteristics of modern trends in world economy, implying open national borders for uninterrupted movements of products, capital and labor force around the world. Although the process of globalization caused huge economic growth and technology advance, numerous faults and contradictions of the process have become obvious in the recent decades. Nowadays, the role of globalization is considered overrated, the reality being very different from the promises, and therefore the trust into the process has vanished, as well as elites and institutions that advocated and imposed it. National economies, especially in transition countries, strive to catch up with the developed countries and take desired positions in the global market through the increase in their competitiveness.

This paper has a goal to point out causes and consequences of wrong agricultural policy in transitional period which caused that agriculture of Serbia suffers a huge damage which manifested itself through falling apart of big agricultural combinats, enterprises from food industry, agricultural cooperatives and small family farms. Big changes at the end of XX and at the beginning of XXI century reflect of agriculture, too, and demand a new conceptual approach to new situation. Authors of paper point out necessity of revitalization of cooperative system and other was of joining and connecting of agricultural producers, as well as need of bigger support to small family farms, by model in developed EU countries. On that way, agriculture of Serbia would successfully respond to complex requirements of globalized environment and turn its comparative advantages into competitive ones.

Despite significant growth rates of over 4% in 2018 and 2019, the Serbian economy still lags far behind developed countries in terms of productivity, competitiveness and other business performance indicators. In the future, the main drivers of economic growth must be investments and exports, and consumption must grow more slowly relative to GDP. Opportunities for increasing GDP exist, and one of them is the increase of public investments that have a positive effect on the growth of the rest of the economy. Empirical research has shown that countries that have higher domestic savings have higher investments and faster economic growth. Also, the development of the country must not be based only on the growth of FDI, because, in addition to the positive ones, they also have great negative effects on the growth and long-term sustainable development of the domestic economy.

Construction industry is an activity connected to a large number of other activities and it influences their development significantly. Construction in Serbia has a long and successful tradition in the international markets, but currently, there is little participation of our companies in the international markets and it is far from the available possibilities. Following the collapse of the largest construction companies during the transition process, new companies are developed and they need institutional and financial help and support to appear in demanding international market. This paper emphasizes the necessity to provide bank guarantees required by investors in the implementation of the international projects, with the aim of securing work quality and contractual deadlines. One of the solutions is to create a Development Bank with the appropriate support for the construction companies in acquiring business in the international market.

Fiscal policy is a powerful instrument for stabilizing the national economy, and with its help the level and structure of taxes, expenditures and debt management are controlled. Fiscal policy management affects aggregate demand, the distribution of wealth, and the economy's ability to produce goods and services. It represents a tool of macroeconomic policy, and in this paper the authors will particularly deal with the impact of fiscal policy on certain macroeconomic components: public debt, balance of payments, but also on the attraction of foreign direct investments and competitiveness. States must conduct a responsible fiscal policy in accordance with their capabilities in order to reduce poverty and social inequalities, and at the same time ensure economic growth. Fiscal sustainability is a complex issue, especially in periods of crisis, and therefore it is necessary to make decisions that will have positive effects on economic development in the long term.