Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid release in rat brain astrocytes is mediated by two separate isoforms of phospholipase A₂ and is differently regulated by cyclic AMP and Ca²⁺

Four different types of protease‐activated receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are up‐regulated in hippocampus by severe ischemia

Four subtypes of protease‐activated receptors, co‐expressed in rat astrocytes, evoke different physiological signaling

Glutamate‐mediated influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ is coupled with reactive oxygen species generation in cultured hippocampal neurons but not in astrocytes

Protease‐activated receptor‐1 protects rat astrocytes from apoptotic cell death via JNK‐mediated release of the chemokine GRO/CINC‐1

Activity of recombinant trypsin isoforms on human proteinase‐activated receptors (PAR): mesotrypsin cannot activate epithelial PAR‐1, ‐2, but weakly activates brain PAR‐1