Рассмотрены вопросы значимости проблемы энергосбережения в условиях перехода от «коричневой» к «зелёной» экономике, дана оценка места энергоэффективных контрактов в национальной системе «зелёных» закупок для обеспечения нужд учреждений общественного сектора. Результаты проведённого исследования, опыт общения автора с государственными и муниципальными заказчиками в Пилотном центре госзакупок Южного федерального университета, анализ результатов их анкетирования, разбор практик заключения энергоэффективных контрактов позволили предложить систему мер совершенствования национальной политики по энергосбережению и обеспечению энергетической эффективности. Introduction. The implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals implies a transition from a "brown" to a "green" economy, stimulated in the public sector by "green" or "sustainable" procurement, ensuring a gradual reduction in the negative impact of global production on nature and society as a result of the purchase of goods needed by the state. Of course, the current energy crisis has highlighted the problem of balancing the use of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In these conditions, the importance of and the need for enhancing such critical environmental characteristics of goods and services as energy saving and energy efficiency become even more critical, and the tools to achieve those are energy efficiency (energy service) contracts. The study is aimed at assessing the role of energy efficient contracts in the national system of "green" procurement in order to meet the needs of the public sector institutions, as well as at justifying the general measures towards modernization of the state policy of energy conservation. On the basis of cluster and discriminant analysis of big data on various socio-economic and environmental indicators, accumulated in the databases of the UN and the World Bank, 200 countries were divided into five groups according to their levels of environmental and economic indicators. The results can be used by governments to simultaneously stimulate the economic and environmental development by creating incentives for the public sector to purchase green products. Conclusion. Measures have been proposed to improve the energy-saving indicators in the public procurement of passenger cars and in the process of establishing long-term target energy service agreements.

This article provides a theoretical and empirical assessment of the impact of public procurement on the development of domestic innovative entrepreneurship, with a focus on developing a system of measures to further institutionalize state procurement of its products. Given the increasing pressure of sanctions against Russia and the need to ensure technological sovereignty, the search for effective mechanisms to support domestic innovative firms has become particularly urgent. The most important of these, given severe budget constraints, is the institution of public procurement of innovative products. The aim of this study is to develop a research methodology, monitor public procurement of innovative products as a mechanism for supporting innovative firms, identify problem areas, and develop evidence-based recommendations for improving this institution. The paper places particular emphasis on the need to expand government demand for innovative products and develop a system of measures to support innovators in the public procurement market. In addressing these objectives, theoretical and methodological approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of “institutionalization” and “innovative procurement” are systematized. This article provides an in-depth analysis of institutionalization as a process of institutional change based on the introduction of new rules and norms, their adoption, and their transformation into widespread institutional practice. It is shown that a new paradigm of economic development in Russia under sanctions, based on the increased role of innovation, science, and research, objectively determines a stronger role for the state in stimulating the development of innovative firms, in particular by expanding its demand for innovative products through the formal institutionalization of their procurement. An econometric analysis was conducted to identify the influence of public procurement institutions at the level of innovation in national economies. The evolution of the regulatory framework in Russia is characterized, and institutional barriers to the participation of innovative businesses in procurement are identified. An empirical analysis of regional practices is used to assess the effectiveness of the existing institution of reporting by government customers. Based on the study’s results, practical recommendations were developed for the further institutionalization of innovative public procurement, aimed at stimulating state demand for the products of domestic innovative firms and developing an appropriate system of measures.