Aluminium alloy is widely used in engineering application, and it can be classified based on the constituent elements or alloying elements. Aluminium alloy is preferred for the nature of its tensile strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance in this research to make a dissimilar friction stir welding joint of aluminium alloys 7079 and 8050 materials. The tensile strength of the weld joint is estimated by the influence of the response surface methodology approach. The welding is carried out by preferred process parameters with a tool speed of 1000–2500 rpm, tool pin diameter of 2–6 mm, welding speed of 50–300 mm/min, and tool shoulder diameter of 10–20 mm. The ANOVA analysis and the prediction of tensile strength were conducted efficiently. From the RSM analysis, the tool pin diameter mostly modified the output of the result.

The Al‐Zn‐Mg alloy comes under the aluminium alloy; it possesses good capability of age hardening and superior strength in contrast to other alloys. The numbers of creep aging experiments are conducted with the support of different temperature levels such as 180, 200, and 2000°C. The effects of tests are reflected on the tensile test and fatigue tests; the temperature and stress directly affects the creep characteristics, mechanical strength, and fatigue performance of the Al‐Zn‐Mg alloy. The time period of the creep test is maintained as 15 hrs with constant load of 200 MPa and 220 MPa. The increasing temperature increases the tensile strength and fatigue life of the Al‐Zn‐Mg alloy under initial condition; furthermore, continuous increment reduces the strength and fatigue existence. In the fatigue test, the fatigue span of the Al‐Zn‐Mg is extremely enhanced by the application of creep aging at a particular temperature. The 3D profilometry image visibly shows the influence of temperature in forming a fracture in fatigue analysis through microstructure analysis.

Finding a suitable biomass sample for the pyrolysis process with proper physicochemical properties is a challenging one as it has several criteria and attributes. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) represents a systematic approach for helping decision makers in diversified field. In this study, the application of the digraph and matrix approach is described for the selection of the most appropriate biomass material for yielding more liquid oil via thermochemical conversion. A biomass material selection index (BMSI) is proposed that evaluates and ranks the selected materials. The index is derived from a material selection attributes function and acquired from a material selection attributes digraph. The digraph is developed making an allowance for material selection attributes and its relative importance related to pyrolysis. A sequential procedure to assess the biomass material selection index is recommended in this study. Among the selected materials, this study demonstrated a sunflower shell with a higher index. At the end of the study, the prediction is also validated by conducting the experimental research.

This chapter examines how synthetic cell-free processes, bioremediation, and biomass usage interact to promote sustainability and innovation. It emphasises biomass's potential as a source of renewable energy and for the generation of biofuels, concentrating on a variety of feedstocks and cutting-edge conversion methods. While synthetic cell-free methods offer customised biochemical reactions beyond biological cells, bioremediation employs microorganisms to reduce pollution. The chapter investigates how various disciplines might be combined to address environmental problems, emphasising moral questions, legal issues, and practical applications. The chapter seeks to shed light on a sustainable and peaceful future through case studies and technological breakthroughs. IoT-AI system streamlines biofuel production, bioremediation, and synthetic cell-free processes for efficient workflow. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.