With the expanding usage of various devices, which emit static and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, increases the number of biomedical reports on their influence as well as demand for suitable experimental exposure systems. Experimental setups range from permanent magnets through Helmholtz coils to solenoids; however, almost all of them provide relatively weak magnetic fields of up to 10 mT. Widespread use of devices such as MR scanners imposes intentional as well as unintentional exposure to stronger fields. A typical solenoid produces stronger although less homogeneous field than the most commonly used experimental equipment composed of sets of coaxial coils. In order to provide scalable, relatively strong, low-varying field within experimental volume that is large enough for in vivo as well as in vitro experiments modified solenoids are considered. Variation of the field was reduced by modifying the shape and size of solenoid's cross section. Modified solenoids were modeled analytically, numerically, and as a prototype. Solenoid geometries were optimized for maximal field performance and minimal power consumption. The optimal modified solenoids scalable to desired sizes of the experimental volume and values of maximal magnetic induction intensities are offered. The suggested solenoid modification method can decrease field variation as much as 10.6 times.

The Metal -Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET, RadFET) is frequently used as a sensor of ionizing radiation in nuclear-medicine, diagnostic-radiology, radiotherapy quality-assurance and in the nuclear and space industries. We focused our investigations on calculating the energy response of a p-type RadFET to low-energy photons in range from 12 keV to 2 MeV and on understanding the influence of uncertainties in the composition and geometry of the device in calculating the energy response function. All results were normalized to unit air kerma incident on the RadFET for incident photon energy of 1.1 MeV. The calculations of the energy response characteristics of a RadFET radiation detector were performed via Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX code and for a limited number of incident photon energies the FOTELP code was also used for the sake of comparison. The geometry of the RadFET was modeled as a simple stack of appropriate materials. Our goal was to obtain results with statistical uncertainties better than 1% (fulfilled in MCNPX calculations for all incident energies which resulted in simulations with 1 − 2×10⁹ histories.

Patients who receive therapeutic amount of ¹³¹I are potentially significant source of radiation to their family members and general public. The aim of this study was to estimate effective dose to family members of patients treated with radioiodine, released after 3 d of hospitalization and to compare with dose constraints proposed by international recommendations. The thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD 100) and Radiation Dose Assessment Resource (RADAR) software were used for assessment of effective doses to 60 family members of the same number of hyperthyroid and thyroid carcinoma patients. Estimated effective doses were well below recommended dose limits except in a few cases. RADAR-calculated doses were higher than doses measured by TLD. Hyperthyroid patients should continue to be treated on outpatient basis but they should be well informed for their further behavior to provide minimal radiation hazard for the people in their environment.