The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have been established to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. Delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals will require a healthy and productive environment. An understanding of the impacts of chemicals which can negatively impact environmental health is therefore essential to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, current research on and regulation of chemicals in the environment tend to take a simplistic view and do not account for the complexity of the real world, which inhibits the way we manage chemicals. There is therefore an urgent need for a step change in the way we study and communicate the impacts and control of chemicals in the natural environment. To do this requires the major research questions to be identified so that resources are focused on questions that really matter. We present the findings of a horizon‐scanning exercise to identify research priorities of the European environmental science community around chemicals in the environment. Using the key questions approach, we identified 22 questions of priority. These questions covered overarching questions about which chemicals we should be most concerned about and where, impacts of global megatrends, protection goals, and sustainability of chemicals; the development and parameterization of assessment and management frameworks; and mechanisms to maximize the impact of the research. The research questions identified provide a first‐step in the path forward for the research, regulatory, and business communities to better assess and manage chemicals in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;9999:1–15. © 2018 SETAC

A simple method for analyzing masses of water suspended fullerenes (nC₆₀) in Daphnia magna by extracting to toluene and measuring by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometry was developed. This method was used to assess bioaccumulation and depuration rates by daphnia after nC₆₀ exposure in artificial freshwater. Accumulation was rapid during the first few hours, and based on accumulation modeling, 90% of the steady-state concentration was reached in 21 h. After exposure for 24 h to a 2 mg/L fullerene solution, the daphnia accumulated 4.5 ± 0.7 g/kg wet weight, or 0.45% of the organism wet mass. Daphnids exposed to 2 mg/L fullerenes for 24 h eliminated 46 and 74% of the accumulated fullerenes after depuration in clean water for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the majority of the fullerenes present in the gut of daphnids were large agglomerates. The significant fullerene uptake and relatively slow depuration suggest that D. magna may play a role as a carrier of fullerene from one trophic level to another. Additionally, D. magna may impact the fate of suspended fullerene particles in aquatic ecosystems by their ability to pack fullerene agglomerates into larger particles than were found in the exposure water, and then excrete agglomerates that are not stable in water, causing them to settle out of solution. This process decreases fullerene exposure to other aquatic organisms in the water column but may increase exposure to benthic organisms in the sediment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1072–1078. © 2010 SETAC