Sepsis is a disease characterized by multiple organ failure caused by immune hyperactivation and cytokine storms. Studies have shown that the incidence of sepsis in melanoma patients is substantially lower compared to the general population. It is also observed that experimental tumor‐bearing animals have high survival rates after sepsis induction, suggesting that tumors may suppress sepsis‐associated immune overactivation, thereby alleviating sepsis. Based on the above‐described findings, this work assesses whether tumor cells play an antisepsis role in mice through the secretion of exosomes. Analysis of exosome activity reveals that the induced exosomes (iExo) secreted by tumor cells following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment improve sepsis to a greater extent than normal secretory exosomes. Further analysis reveals that iExo exert their protective effects mainly through seven key miRNAs. In vitro bionic simulation of exosomes is carried out using exosome mimics generated by loading the aforementioned microRNAs into hyaluronic acid–polyethylenimine nanoparticles. Exosome mimics at specific miRNA ratios alleviate sepsis in mice and cynomolgus monkeys, indicating that biomimetic simulation of tumor‐suppressive exosomes may represent a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of sepsis and cytokine‐storm‐related conditions.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and become one of the five pillars of cancer therapy. The clinical applications of immunotherapy have been adapted to range from the management of melanoma to most tumor types. As the clinical applications of cancer immunotherapies expand, understanding the treatment-related adverse events of these drugs becomes critical in clinical practice. We report a rare case of ocular immune-related side effects associated with camrelizumab that resulted in vision loss. A 56-year-old male patient was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. The tumor involved the porta pulmonis and mediastinum upon initial diagnosis; therefore, surgery was not possible. Upon receiving the 10th immunotherapy session with camrelizumab 200 mg, the patient’s visual acuity began to decrease in his right eye and a central retinal vein occlusion. Optical coherence tomography revealed significant cystoid exudation in the macular area and vitreous hemorrhage. The patient underwent vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation after symptom onset. Following surgery, the patient’s vision was limitedly restored. This is the first clinical report in China of central retinal vein occlusion and vitreous hemorrhage associated with anti-PD-1 therapy, ultimately leading to blindness. Although rare, clinical practitioners should be concerned about ocular adverse events associated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and develop a high index of suspicion for this possibility since ophthalmic manifestations that are rapidly detected, closely monitored, and appropriately managed are treatable.