This critical thinking skill development framework addresses challenges associated with teaching and assessing critical thinking. It provides a definition of critical thinking and describes this construct as it applies in classroom-based learning. The framework synthesises and harmonises existing theory and research on critical thinking and outlines creative thinking processes along prescribed strands and aspects that are informed by evidence. The strands contained within the framework are 1. Constructing knowledge; 2. Evaluating ideas; and 3. Making decisions. The strands are further broken down into aspects to inform teaching and assessment.

This creative thinking skill development framework addresses challenges associated with teaching and assessing creative thinking. It provides a definition of creative thinking and describes this construct as it applies in classroom-based learning. The framework synthesises and harmonises existing theory and research on creative thinking and outlines creative thinking processes along prescribed strands and aspects that are informed by evidence. The strands contained within the framework are 1. Generating ideas; 2. Experimenting with ideas; and 3. Identifying the quality of ideas. The strands are further broken down into aspects to inform teaching and assessment.

Collaboration is a complex skill, comprised of multiple subskills, that is of growing interest to policy makers, educators and researchers. Several definitions and frameworks have been described in the literature to support assessment of collaboration; however, the inherent structure of the construct still needs better definition. In 2015, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, in their Programme for International Student Assessment assessed 15-year-old students’ collaborative problem solving achievement, with the use of computer-simulated agents, aiming to address the lack of internationally comparable data in this field. This paper explores what the data from this assessment tell us about the skill, and how these data compare with data from two other assessments of collaboration. Analyses enable comment on the extent to which the three assessments are measuring the same construct, and the extent to which the construct can be covered using computer-based assessments. These investigations generate better understanding of this complex and innovative domain.

This collaboration skill development framework addresses challenges associated with teaching and assessing collaboration. It provides a definition of collaboration and describes this construct as it applies in classroom-based learning. The framework synthesises and harmonises existing theory and research on collaboration and outlines creative thinking processes along prescribed strands and aspects that are informed by evidence. The strands contained within the framework are 1. Building shared understanding; 2. Collectively contributing; and 3. Regulating the group. The strands are further broken down into aspects to inform teaching and assessment.

Substantive work has been undertaken to define and frame global citizenship education (GCED). Global citizenship and related terms are included in the curricula and policy statements of many diverse nations around the world (Parker & Fraillon, 2016; APCEIU, 2020b), however, the education sector often struggles to enact and monitor GCED in ways that reflect the changing conditions of students and schools. This study responds to an identified need for enhanced tools and resources for schools and systems to monitor and evaluate GCED, in accordance with United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4.7. This need is particularly pressing in the primary school sector, where little research has examined staff or student interpretations of GCED, and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, where despite significant interest, gaps in understanding and implementing GCED remain. This report presents a draft framework for monitoring effective GCED, which is relevant to systems, schools, and staff supporting upper primary school students. The framework has been developed from a review of existing instruments and research, including work undertaken to frame and assess global citizenship for the Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM). To develop this framework, we have also sought the input of GCED experts and teachers from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines and Australia to ensure relevance to these contexts. Accompanying the framework is a series of preliminary questions for systems, schools, and teachers designed to assist in exploring enabling conditions for the enactment of global citizenship, which is also underpinned by key findings and gaps from the literature.