In addition to studying bioactive organic compounds in plants, it is increasingly important to determine the biological role of elements in plants growing in environmentally unfavorable areas. One of such regions in Russia is Kuzbass with its intensively developing chemical, metallurgical, and coal mining sectors. In this study, we assessed the plant materials of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) collected from their natural populations in Kuzbass. The qualitative and quantitative composition of heavy metals in the clover samples was determined voltammetrically. The contents of molybdenum and phosphorus were measured by the photocolorimetric method. Total nitrogen and protein were determined by the Kjeldahl method. Nickel, cobalt, and chromium were quantified by spectrophotometry. We analyzed the plant materials of the clover samples for heavy metals and found that the content of lead was the least in red clover and the highest in alsike clover. Copper varied in a larger range and was minimal in red clover compared to that in alsike and white clover. Zinc was found at higher concentrations of in white and red clover compared to that in alsike clover. The levels of cadmium exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in all the clover samples. We also revealed that the clover samples contained different amounts of various amino acids, including arginine, valine, lysine, glycine, aspartic acid, and alanine. The plant materials of the clover species growing in Kuzbass can be used to improve the fertility of soil and nitrogen regime. However, the clover species should not be used in bulk feed for farm animals because of high concentrations of cadmium.

The antimicrobial effect of extracts from callus of the common skullcap with the prospect of using in the recipe of a functional curd product for therapeutic and preventive action is studied. It is known that plants of the genus skullcap contain phenolic compounds that cause antimicrobial action, the most common among them are flavonoids-baykalin, scutellarein, hydrolyzed to glucuronic acid and aglycones-baykalein and scutellarein, vogonin, etc. the Study of antimicrobial activity was carried out in accordance with the requirements of The state Pharmacopoeia XI edition. Antimicrobial activity was determined in relation to 15 test cultures by diffusion in agar. The method is based on the assessment of inhibition of growth of test cultures of microorganisms by certain concentrations of the test object. Rod-shaped bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serracia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Hafnia alvei, Bacillus cereus), coccus microflora (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium), different strains of fungi of the genus Candida (Candida non-albicans № 136, 138, 142, 144). The result was evaluated according to the following criteria: “-“ – growth of the test culture (there is no antibacterial effect); “+” – no growth (the antibacterial effect is pronounced); “±” – inhibition of growth (bacteriostatic action).

Drought affects the most important metabolic reactions in the plant body and triggers a cascade of adaptive reactions. Adaptations to water deficiency refer to various life-supporting processes, for example, the assimilation apparatus. Super-high frequency electromagnetic field may be used as a stressor that triggers preliminary adaptation reactions. The research goal is to study the peculiarities of changes of the pigment composition of barley leaves during adaptation to water deficiency after super-high frequency treatment. In order to achieve the research goal, a vegetation experiment was carried out. After electromagnetic treatment (power modes: 420 and 700 W), the seeds were sown in pots with a soil mixture. Starting from the 15th day, watering was stopped in the variants simulating drought conditions. At the age of 1 month, the aboveground herbage was cut off and the pigment content was determined by photometric method without their preliminary separation from the total acetone extract. Under normal moisture conditions, the high power of electromagnetic treatment leads to a dramatic decrease of the amount of chlorophyll a - 1.70 times. Water deficiency leads to decreased amount of green pigments and a slight increase in the content of yellow ones relative to plants that developed under normal moisture conditions. At the same time, the sum of all photosynthetic pigments decreases by 5.99%. Water deficiency leads to significant imbalance of the assimilation apparatus - the ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased 1.59 times. Even more severe violations of the pigment apparatus of barley are found when two factors are applied - osmotic stress and high power of super-high frequency energy. In this combination, the treatment does not compensate for the disorders that develop under the influence of water deficiency but exacerbates them. On the contrary, the medium-power super-high frequency treatment mode is able of leveling the negative effects of osmotic stress by enhancing the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, the sharpest increase was found for carotenoids which in addition to their actual participation in photosynthesis perform an antioxidant role. The obtained data will allow to purposefully influencing the pigment composition of barley. Засуха затрагивает важнейшие метаболические реакции в организме растений и запускает каскад адаптационных реакций. Приспособления к водному дефициту касаются различных жизнеобеспечивающих процессов, например, ассимиляционного аппарата. Электромагнитное поле сверхвысокой частоты может использоваться как стрессор, запускающий предварительные реакции адаптации. Цель исследований – изучить особенности изменения пигментного состава листьев ячменя при адаптации к водному дефициту после сверхвысокочастотной обработки. Для достижения цели был поставлен вегетационный опыт. После электромагнитной обработки (режимы мощности: 420 и 700 Вт) семена высевали в сосуды с почвенной смесью. Начиная с 15-го дня на вариантах, имитирующих условия засухи, прекращен полив. В возрасте 1 мес. надземную массу срезали и определяли содержание пигментов фотометрическим методом без предварительного выделения их из суммарной ацетоновой вытяжки. В нормальных условиях увлажнения высокая мощность электромагнитной обработки приводит к резкому уменьшению количества хлорофилла а – в 1,70 раза. Водный дефицит ведет к снижению содержания суммы зеленых пигментов и некоторому увеличению содержания желтых относительно растений, развивавшихся в нормальных условиях увлажнения. При этом сумма всех фотосинтетических пигментов уменьшается на 5,99%. Водный дефицит приводит к существенному дисбалансу ассимиляционного аппарата – соотношение между хлорофиллами и каротиноидами уменьшилось в 1,59 раза. Еще более сильные нарушения пигментного аппарата ячменя отмечаются при наложении двух факторов – осмотического стресса и высокой мощности СВЧ-энергии. В данном сочетании обработка не компенсирует нарушения, развивающиеся под действием недостатка воды, а усугубляет их. Однако режим СВЧ-обработки средней мощности способен, напротив, нивелировать негативные последствия осмотического стресса за счет усиления синтеза фотосинтетических пигментов. Причем наиболее резкий прирост отмечен для каротиноидов, которые,...