This study aimed to examine alterations in the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular vasculature prior to the manifestation of evident outer retinal toxicity in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The present comparative cross-sectional study included 42 patients with no evident retinopathy who were taking 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed that patients who had received HCQ for ≥ 8 years demonstrated significantly lower superior, inferior, and total GCC thickness, in addition to thinner RNFL values in superior quadrants when compared to patients who had received HCQ for a period of < 8 years and the control group. The present study demonstrated that after eight years of HCQ use at recommended doses, significant thinning of the inner retinal layers was observed in eyes exhibiting no evident retinal toxicity. It may be beneficial to include an inner retinal layer assessment in individuals chronically using HCQ as part of a comprehensive ophthalmic screening process.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inferonasal quadrant (IN) Ahmed Valve implantation (AVI) using the double scleral tunnel technique in patients who had previously failed glaucoma surgery. This retrospective comparative study included data from 69 patients diagnosed with refractory glaucoma who were followed in a tertiary referral hospital. The IN-AVI group included 35 patients who underwent IN-AVI after failed trabeculectomy or superotemporal quadrant (ST) AVI, and the ST-AVI group included 34 patients who underwent primary ST-AVI. The primary outcome was to analyse the surgical success rate, the secondary outcome was to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in the IN-AVI and ST-AVI groups at 1-year postoperatively. Significant reduction in IOP was observed after IN-AVI at 1-year postoperatively (p < 0.001). The overall success rate was 88.6%. IN-AVI after failed trabeculectomy didn’t differ from primary ST-AVI in terms of IOP reduction. IN-AVI after failed ST-AVI showed a lower IOP reduction compared to primary ST-AVI (p = 0.003). No tube exposure was observed at 1-year postoperatively using the double scleral tunnel technique. In patients with refractory glaucoma, IN-AVI after failed trabeculectomy was as effective as the primary ST-AVI. Although IN-AVI after failed ST-AVI was effective in reducing IOP, it was significantly less effective than the primary ST-AVI. The prior failure of a trabeculectomy had no impact on the success of AVI. Conversely, a second AVI was less efficacious than the primary AVI.

Objectives: We aimed on evaluating the effect of liver dysfunction on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), GCL++ (ganglion cell layer + RNFL + inner plexiform layer), central macular thickness (CMT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) measurements. Methods: Fifty two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC group) and 61 healthy individuals (control group) were included in our study. Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time results as the international normalized ratio (INR), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMP), neutrophil lymphocyte rate (NLR), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) levels were analyzed in both groups. RNFL, Inferior RNFL (IRNFL), Superior RNFL (SRNFL), GCL++, CMT and CT were measured by swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT). The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was also obtained. Results: GGT (p=0.001), ALP (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.001), NEUT (p=0.046) and MPV (p<0.001) values were higher in the PBC group. INR (p=0.017) and PLT (p=0.027) values were lower in the PBC group. CMT (p=0.015), CT (p=0.002), and GCL++ (p<0.001) values were found lower in the PBC group. Conclusions: OCT analyzes revealed thinning in CMT, CT and GCL++ in patients with liver dysfunction. OCT analyzes should be evaluated during periodic ocular examinations of PBC patients.

Background: To determine the effectiveness of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on visual acuity and visual field in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Objective: Stem cell treatment in retinitis pigmentosa provides improvement in visual acuity and visual field. Method: Forty-seven eyes of 27 patients diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa were included in our study. Allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were administered by deep subtenon injection. Complete routine ophthalmological examinations, optical coherence tomography (Zeiss, Cirrus HD-OCT) measurements, and visual field (Humphrey perimetry, 30-2) tests were performed on all patients before the treatment and on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month after treatment. The best corrected visual acuities of the patients were determined by the Snellen chart and converted to logMAR. Visual evoked potential (VEP) and electroretinogram (ERG) examinations of the patients before the treatment and on the 6th month after the treatment were performed (Metrovision) data were compared. Results: Visual acuities were 0.74 ± 0.49 logMAR before treatment and 0.61 ± 0.46 logMAR after treatment. Visual acuity had a statistically significant increase (p <0.001). The visual field deviation was found to be -27.16 ± 5.77 dB before treatment and -26.59 ± 5.96 dB after treatment (p = 0.005). The ganglion cell layer was 46.26 ± 12.87 μm before treatment and 52.47 ± 12.26 μm after treatment (p = 0.003). There was a significant improvement in Pattern VEP 120º P100 amplitude compared to that before the treatment (4.43 ± 2.42 μV) and that after the treatment (5.09 ± 2.86 μV) (p = 0.013). ERG latency measurements were 18.33 ± 15.39 μV before treatment and 20.87 ± 18.64 μV after treatment for scotopic 0.01 (p = 0.02). ERG latency measurements for scotopic 3.0 were 20.75 ± 26.31 μV before treatment and 23.10 ± 28.60 μV after treatment (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa is a progressive, inherited disease that can result in severe vision loss. In retinitis pigmentosa, the application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by deep subtenon injection has positive effects on visual function. No systemic or ophthalmic side effects were detected in the patients during the 6-month follow-up period

Vitreoretinal cerrahi (VRC)’lerden sonra göz içi basınç (GİB) artışı ve glokom sıklıkla oluşmaktadır. Bu patoloji VRC’nin kendisine, kullanılan tamponadlara, kombine yapılan cerrahilere ve hastanın glokoma yatkınlığına bağlı olabilir. VRC uygulanan gözlerin kontrollerinde GİB ölçümü yapılmalı ve etkili olarak tedavi edilmelidir. Akut hipotoni göz içi cerrahiyi takiben oluşabilir ve genellikle 10-15 gün sonra geri dönebilir. Bununla birlikte, persistan hipotoni, görme keskinliğini kalıcı olarak etkileyebilecek yapısal değişikliklere sebep olabilir.