Industry development has a technogenic impact on the environment, thereby posing a threat to health and welfare of farm animals. As a result, toxic substances accumulate in soil, water, feed, and have a long period of decomposition. At the same time, changes in the metabolic profile occur in animals, leading to a decrease in their resistance to viral and bacterial infections. The search for new means and methods to stop the development of pathological conditions and create conditions for the resistance of cows to technogenic stress seems to be relevant. In this regard, the purpose was to study the effect of аminoseleferon-B on hematological parameters and protein metabolism of cows with immune deficiency under technogenic load caused by the chemical industry producing mineral fertilizers in Voronezh region. During monitoring soil and water bodies near this object, an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for heavy metal content was established. The studies were carried out in industrial livestock complex on 20 highly productive dairy cows with a secondary immunodeficiency state, located in the zone of exposure to chemical emissions into the atmosphere. Control and experimental groups of animals were formed. Experimental cows were injected with аminoseleferon-B. It was revealed that the presence of cows in conditions of technogenic impact on the environment leads to decrease in total protein, change in blood fractional composition, which negatively affects physiological processes in the body. Insufficient levels of and -globulin fractions in cow blood indicate inhibition of natural resistance factors. A negative reaction of animal organism associated with exposure to toxins is indicated by significant increase in the level of -globulins in blood. It was found that аminoseleferon-B had a corrective effect on blood morphological parameters and protein metabolism, significantly increasing number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, total protein, -globulins, -globulins and reducing content of neutrophils, eosinophils, -globulins to normal levels. Thus, аminoseleferon-B contributed to increase in natural resistance, adaptation to adverse environmental factors and stimulation of metabolic processes in cows.

Fish farming is one of the important branches of agriculture. Success in this area largely depends on the efficiency of feed use, which makes rational feeding of fish one of the most important aspects of their breeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after the inclusion of the probiotic “Bacell-M” in the fish diet. During the experiment, market-size carp weighing 800-900 grams were used. For baseline research, biological material was collected from common carp across all experimental groups for cytomorphological analysis. The fish were divided into two main groups. The first group (control, n=600) received a standard diet, while the second group (n=600) was fed the same diet supplemented with the probiotic Bacell-M at a dose of 2 kg/ton for 30 days. Slaughter and biological sampling for all groups (n=6) were performed at two time points: 14 days and 35 days after the start of the experiment. The results of the study demonstrated that the probiotic exerted positive effects, such as supporting the integrity of the liver's vascular and parenchymal structures, reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, decreasing inflammatory infiltrates, and maintaining microcirculation within the liver. To assess these effects, we measured the expression of the GPx-1 gene, which plays a key role in cellular defense against oxidative stress.

Metabolic liver pathologies are increasingly being recorded in carp broodstock under intensive pond fish farming conditions; however, objective intravital diagnostic criteria for their diagnosis have not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the morphometric parameters of peripheral blood erythrocytes in female common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with verified fatty liver disease and compare these characteristics with those of clinically healthy individuals. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Innovative Recombinant Proteomics Preparations in the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Modeling of Living Systems at the All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology, and Therapy. Field research and material collection were conducted at Zazerkalye LLC in the Anninsky District of Voronezh Oblast in 2024-2025. Two experimental groups were formed: the experimental group (n=50) included individuals with confirmed fatty liver disease and the control group (n=50) included clinically healthy individuals with no signs of liver pathology. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using a package of applied software for statistical analysis. The normality of the distribution of quantitative characteristics was preliminarily checked using the Shapiro-Wilk criterion. Since some morphometric parameters did not correspond to the normal distribution law, the results were presented as the arithmetic mean (M) ± standard error of the mean (m). The reliability of intergroup differences was assessed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Smears stained according to Pappenheim showed that fish with liver damage lose the morphological homogeneity of their red blood. The combination of anisocytosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and nuclear deformations forms a stable morphological pattern pathogenetically associated with dystrophic changes in hepatocytes. The obtained results substantiate the potential of incorporating peripheral blood morphometry into the intravital diagnostics of metabolic hepatopathies in carp broodstock on commercial farms.