In Pakistan, the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent. HEV exposure is deadly during pregnancy, with high infection rates in both the mother and the baby, even in asymptomatic situations. The researcher examined HEV-negative pregnant women with acute hepatitis or increased renal characteristic assessments at 12 medical sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to identify maternal and fetal disease risks from August to December 2018. Except for one during the entire pregnancy, twenty-five of the 135 females were HEV-free and in the perinatal period. HEV infection was found in 0.19% of newly pregnant women. Also, 11 cases of forcible induction of labour, 7 cases of normal labour, 5 cases of normal labour (full-term), 2 cases of death, and 1 case of intrauterine death were reported before going to the doctor a girl had an abortion. There were eight postpartum deaths: five from infections, four from miscarriages, and two from miscarriages. While 18 mothers who survived voluntarily or intentionally induced abortions and three women who continued to get pregnant but did not deliver died as a result of abortion. The current study found that HEV infection during pregnancy raised the death rate by 14.2%.

Coronaviruses cause infections in birds and rodents, but these viruses have been able to infect the human in the last few decades. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2008 revealed the lethality of coronaviruses, as these viruses cross the species barrier and infect humans. An epidemic of novel Coronavirus that emerged in province Hubei, of which Wuhan was the epicenter, linked the number of cases with pneumonia-like symptoms to the seafood market in Wuhan, China. The human epithelial cells were used for the isolation of novel coronavirus that was diagnosed through the use of unbiased sequencing, later named nCoV-2019. Based on the information, there was evidence of transmission in humans that occurred because of close contact from the middle of December 2019. In recent times, the infection has been identified in other countries around the world, infecting millions of people. This review aims to assess the latest information regarding COVID-19 and compares it with previous knowledge reported regarding it. Most progress has been made on COVID-19, highlighting the specific structural requirements for its functions in the nCOV-19 life cycle and the mechanism behind its pathogenesis.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of thrombocytopenia among patients with vivax-positive malaria. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of General Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Period: May 2022 to November 2022. Material & Methods: Total 140 cohort were observed in this study. Patients were taken as sample according to inclusion and exclusion criteria as per operational definition after the patients' written informed consent. Sociodemographic data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire. History such as febrile illnesses and blood dyscrasias and basic studies and peripheral blood smears were obtained. Results: The results of the study showed the sample has mean age 36 years with SD ± 3.72, of which 70% were men while 30% were women. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 68% of patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, the estimated frequency of thrombocytopenia in vivax malaria was found to be 68%.

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