Interferon gamma is a unique drug with anti-virus, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. Thanks to the latter its quality interferon gamma was added to cytokines - regulators of immune responses. The study of this interesting cytokine can open up broad prospects for the treatment of patients not only with lymphoproliferative diseases, but patients with cancer and infectious diseases.

In the period of the epidemic rise in the incidence rate of influenza in 2015-2016 on the basis of infectious hospitals in Simferopol, Arkhangelsk and Samara, there performed a multicenter to evaluate the effectiveness and economic feasibility of two alternative treatment regimens for influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients. The study included 88 patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Patients of the main group (n = 46) received complex therapy with the use of antiviral (oseltamivir) and immunomodulating (interferon gamma) agents. Patients of the control group (n = 40) received only antiviral therapy (oseltamivir). To assess the effectiveness and economic feasibility of the two different treatment regimens, the outcome of the disease was analyzed: the discharge the hospital up to the 10th day of the illness and no symptoms of the disease by the 3-6th day of treatment. The supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment regimen of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients was found to promote the faster release of catarrhal and respiratory symptoms of the disease: the absence of dry cough by the 3-6th day of treatment (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.86 - 2.38), rhinitis (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.40) and dyspnea (RR= 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54). In addition, the supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment regimen of patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 promoted a significant shortening of time of the recovery and discharge from the hospital (RR =1.39, 95% CI: 0.97 - 2.00). Clinical and economic analysis of the use of two alternative treatment regimens has shown the supplementation of recombinant interferon gamma in the therapy of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 patients to be economically favorable

The HIV epidemic has been going on for nearly thirty years, it is a heterogeneous, dynamic and highly resistant to countermeasures. The Leningrad Region and the city of St. Petersburg today are referred to the most affected regions of the Russian Federation, as nearly 1% of the population of this city has HIVpositive status. Despite the decline in the HIV infection incidence of the resident population of the Central District, the epidemiological situation for HIV infection remains to be tense, due to the increase in the cumulative number of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, the increase ofthe morbidity rate and mortality in co-infected patients with HIV/tuberculosis, activation of the output of the epidemic in vulnerable groups into the general population. At the same time, a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a high risk of late detection of tuberculosis continues to form

Unlike influenza epidemics which affect the population almost yearly, pandemics occur much less frequently, but have more severe medical and social consequences. The investigation of the nature of the course of all modern epidemics and pandemics are acquiring the particular rationale. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 was caused by the virus of the mixed (triple) origin. In Russia, the first three cases of disease have been identified in Moscow from 21 to 10 June 2009. In the Far East - 2-2,5 months later compared to the European part of Russia. However, the epidemic of influenza in Russia caused by influenza virus A (H1N1) pdm09, began and developed more rapidly just in the Far East. The highest morbidity rate (10,2-10,3 per 100 people) was registered in the cities of the Far Eastern and Siberian regions. The phylogenetic analysis allowed to reveal the origin of the triple reassortant virus A (H1N1)pdm09 out of H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 avian/porcine/human virus. The performed analysis of functional domains of proteins of the influenza virus A (H1N1) pdm09 showed that modern pandemic influenza viruses have several principal genetic defects, the totality of which permits to rank them to moderately pathogenic viruses. High risk of the severe course of influenza and occurrence of complications was noted in three groups ofpatients: pregnant women, especially in the 3 trimester ofpregnancy, children under 2 years of age and patients with concomitant chronic respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as patients with endocrine disorders and obesity.

By force of hormonal and physiological changes occurring in the body throughout pregnancy, in the case of the flu, pregnant women are at greater risk of developing complications. In this regard, the study of clinical and pathogenetic features of influenza in pregnant women deserves special attention. So, on the basis of epidemiological data over the past few decades, WHO experts have included pregnant women in groups at risk of severe (complicated) course of the flu. The flu for a pregnant female is a dangerous infection, representing a real threat to the health of the expectant mother and her child. The clinical picture of influenza in pregnant women can vary significantly, and severe complications combine with the development of a pathology of pregnancy, which ultimately exacerbates the condition as well an expectant mother as the fetus. For the study both of the character of the clinical course of influenza in pregnant women and the mechanism of the immunosuppressive state FGBU "Influenza Research Institute" performed a simple multi-center comparative study on the base of the infectious-disease units of the GBOU "NGMU" and the Medical University "KrasGMU named after. prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The obtained results allowed to reveal some clinical and immunological features of the course of influenza in pregnant women: at the peak of the disease there was noted a significant inhibition of induced production of IFN-γ.

Manifestation of functional capabilities of an any cell in the body is largely determined by intracellular metabolism, changing his parameters in dependence on the specifity of the pathological process. Indices with high informativeness and relevance for the recording features of intracellular processes in most of exogenous and endogenous effects on the cells are activity of enzymes in them and their lipid profile.