Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.

The cultivation of plants in the form of callus cultures constitutes a renewable source of secondary plant metabolites. The conditions for the cultivation of callus cultures affect the yield of target compounds. Callus cultures of Hyssopus officinalis were chosen for study. Nutrient media of various compositions were used for Hyssopus officinalis callus culture. For each culture, data on the quantitative contents of saponins, flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, as well as antioxidant activity, were obtained. It was found that Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1-naphthylacetic acid and kinetin led to the highest yield of secondary metabolites.

Antibiotics are widely used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in medicine and veterinary medicine, as well as growth stimulants in animal husbandry. The presence of residual traces of antibiotics in animal products, and further in food products derived from it, poses a danger to both humans and the environment as a whole. The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture stimulates the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause infectious diseases in humans and animals that cannot be treated with modern medicines. Due to the potential risk to human health in many countries, the maximum permissible limits for the content of residual traces of antibiotics are regulated. Therefore, the development of new highly sensitive, accurate, simple and cost-effective methods for their determination remains an urgent task. This review is aimed at analyzing recent work in the field of identification of residual traces of antibiotics in food products.