Aim.Evaluation of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and determination of the optimal dose of riamilovir in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Materials and methods.The study included 270 patients with uncomplicated ARVI of mild and moderate severity (with a laboratory-confirmed PCR method for the presence of ARVI antigens, absence of influenza virus antigens). Patients were included in the study after signing an informed consent. Patients were randomized into 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio of 90 patients in each group. Completed the study in accordance with the Protocol: 267 patients. The study involved patients diagnosed with ARVI. Results.Confirmed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the drug riamilovir. Adverse drug reactions associated, in the opinion of the doctor, with taking the drug and resulting in discontinuation of the drug, were not noted in this study. Conclusion.As a result of clinical study, the effectiveness of both ARVI treatment regimens with drug riamilovir has been shown. There were no differences in the effectiveness and safety of the proposed treatment regimens. Practical use of both treatment regimens is recommended. However, according to the authors, taking the drug 3 times a day is much more convenient for patients, improves the quality of life and adherence to therapy.

Background: Influenza is a significant public health challenge, characterized by severe disease progression and considerable societal burden. Patients at high risk of influenza-related complications require special attention in routine clinical practice. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of antiviral treatments for influenza on the incidence of bacterial complications, adverse events, and disease duration in high-risk outpatients. Design: Multicenter, non-interventional, observational cohort study. Methods: The study was conducted during the 2023–2024 influenza epidemic season and included 1867 high-risk outpatients treated with oseltamivir, umifenovir, kagocel, or imidazolyl ethanamide pentanedioic acid. Results: Bacterial complications occurred in 18.87% ( n = 335) of high-risk patients, with 17.41% ( n = 309) requiring antibacterial therapy. The hospitalization rate was 1.24% ( n = 22), and the average disease duration was 8 days. The incidence of bacterial complications varied among treatment groups: oseltamivir (18.96%, n = 102), umifenovir (12.17%%, n = 51), kagocel (22.00%%, n = 110), and imidazolyl ethanamide pentanedioic acid (22.64%%, n = 72). Adverse events were reported in 4.76% ( n = 84) of patients, most commonly gastrointestinal disorders (91.67%, n = 77), followed by allergic reactions (8.33%, n = 7). The incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in the oseltamivir group compared to other treatments. Conclusion: The etiotropic agents oseltamivir and umifenovir demonstrated comparable efficacy in managing influenza in high-risk patients, as reflected by their impact on bacterial complication rates and disease duration. Both drugs may be recommended for the treatment of high-risk influenza patients.

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections occurring during the St. Petersburg 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 epidemic seasons.Materials and methods: the study included 457 patients, treated in St. Petersburg clinics from 2017–2019, displaying symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), including evaluation of their clinical histories. Pathogen types were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was carried out using mathematical statistics methods using the Statistica 10 software package (StatSoft Inc.).Results: in this study, we examined the epidemiological and clinical features of acute respiratory infections in St. Petersburg occurring during two epidemic seasons, 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. The 2017–2018 season was characterized by a prevalence of infections caused by influenza B viruses and influenza A subtype H3N2 viruses. In the 2018–2019 season, there was a greater number of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) and infections caused by influenza A subtype H1N1pdm; influenza B virus was detected only in isolated cases. In the 2017–2018 sore throats and muscle aches were a characteristic symptom of influenza A H1N1pdm infections, of bacterial infections – only sore throats. It was shown that throat pain and vasodilation of the scleral and soft palate vessels were significantly more frequent in the 2017–2018 season, compared to the 2018–2019 season. Cough and redness of the posterior pharyngeal wall were hallmark signs of ARVIs in the 2018–2019 season.Conclusion: according to the data, each epidemic season is characterized not only by its own type-specific acute respiratory infection frequencies, but also by different clinical manifestation frequencies. For global monitoring, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and refined study of acute respiratory infection clinical features, it is advisable to use approaches which incorporate accurate, specific, and rapid molecular biological methods capable of identifying a broad range of pathogens.

Introduction. In the context of a high load on all links in the structure of providing medical care to patients with COVID-19, solving the issue of effective triage of patients seems to be extremely urgent. The duration of inpatient treatment is one of the most objective and unambiguously interpreted indicators that can be used to indirectly assess the severity of the patient’s condition.Objective. Develop a machine learning model to predict the duration of inpatient care for patients with COVID-19 based on routine clinical indicators assessed at the prehospital stage.Materials and methods. A total of 564 patients were examined with diagnoses: U07.1 COVID-19, virus identified (n = 367) and U07.2 COVID-19, virus not identified (n = 197). The study included 270 patients, of whom in 50.37% of patients the duration of inpatient treatment did not exceed 7 days, in 49.63% of patients the duration of inpatient treatment was more than 10 days. Eleven clinical parameters were chosen as the most important predictors for predicting the duration of inpatient treatment: age, height and weight of the patient, SpO₂ level, body temperature, body mass index, pulse rate, number of days from the onset of illness, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure.Results. The accuracy of our machine learning model for predicting the duration of inpatient treatment more than 10 days was 83.75% (95% CI: 73.82–91.05%), sensitivity — 82.50%, specificity — 85.00%. AUC = 0.86.Conclusion. The method developed by us based on machine learning is characterized by high accuracy in predicting the duration of inpatient treatment of patients with COVID-19, which makes it possible to consider it as a promising new tool to support medical decisions on further tactics of patient management and to resolve the issue of the need for hospitalization.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) is a pleiotropic lymphokine that have multiple effects on the growth and differentiation of various types of cells associated with innate immunity. IFN-y induces differentiation ofmyeloid cells, stimulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class I antigens, it is a potent activator of macrophages which destroy antigenic molecules penetrating the cell. IFN-y is widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune and allergic diseases. Studies conducted in Research Institute ofInfluenza indicate that drugs IFN-y can be successfully usedfor prevention of influenza and acute respiratory infection (ARI) during the rise of incidence, as well as for the treatment - the first few days/ hours of the onset. The concomitant use of drugs as IFN-a and IFN-y on influenza and ARI can greatly improve the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy.

Extrahepatic manifestations occur in more than half of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and may be no less dangerous to the health and life of the patient than the isolated pathology of the liver. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is often accompanied by the formation of neurocognitive disorders, clinically manifested by general weakness, fatigue and the inability to maindoi tain concentration for a long time. Every fifth patient with chronic hepatitis C develops depression. The development of type 2 diabetes among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection is observed 1.7 times more often than among non-infected individuals. Mixed cryoglobulinemia is observed in at least 30% of patients, however, the clinical manifestations of this pathology develop only in 4.9% of cases, of which 69–89% of skin lesions, 19–44% of distal sensory and sensorimotor polyneuropathy, 30% of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 28% of joint damage. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, higher prevalence than among non-infected individuals is observed, the prevalence rates of such nosologies as lymphoma from cells of the marginal zone are 2.47 times, diffuse large cell B cell lymphoma – 2.24 times, hypothyroidism – 3.1 time. Significantly more rarely encountered extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection are skin lesions that are not associated with the development of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: acquired late skin porphyria, necrolytic acral erythema and lichen planus. The question of the pathogenetic relationship of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with cardiovascular pathology remains open.