Experiments were carried out to elucidate linkage between methane consumption and mineralization of phosphorous (P) from different P sources. The treatments were (i) no CH₄ + no P amendment (absolute control), (ii) with CH₄ + no P amendment (control), (iii) with CH₄ + inorganic P as Ca₃(PO₄)₂, and (iv) with CH₄ + organic P as sodium phytate. P sources were added at 25 µg P·(g soil)⁻¹. Soils were incubated to undergo three repeated CH₄ feeding cycles, referred to as feeding cycle I, feeding cycle II, and feeding cycle III. CH₄ consumption rate k (µg CH₄ consumed·(g soil)⁻¹·day⁻¹) was 0.297 ± 0.028 in no P amendment control, 0.457 ± 0.016 in Ca₃(PO₄)₂, and 0.627 ± 0.013 in sodium phytate. Rate k was stimulated by 2 to 6 times over CH₄ feeding cycles and followed the trend of sodium phytate > Ca₃(PO₄)₂ > no P amendment control. CH₄ consumption stimulated P solubilization from Ca₃(PO₄)₂ by a factor of 2.86. Acid phosphatase (µg paranitrophenol released·(g soil)⁻¹·h⁻¹) was higher in sodium phytate than the no P amendment control. Abundance of 16S rRNA and pmoA genes increased with CH₄ consumption rates. The results of the study suggested that CH₄ consumption drives mineralization of unavailable inorganic and organic P sources in the soil ecosystem.

Rice-wheat is a major cropping system in India and it is predicted that the productivity of both crops will decline due to climate change factors including elevated CO₂ and temperature. To define the mechanisms, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of elevated CO₂ and temperature on growth attributes of rice and wheat crops using a Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) system. The treatments were ambient CO₂+ambient temperature, elevatedCO₂of 600ppm+ambient temperature, ambient CO₂ + elevated temperature (+2°C), ambient CO₂+elevated temperature (+3°C), elevated CO₂ 600 ppm +elevated temperature (+2°C) and elevated CO₂ 600ppm +elevated temperature (+3°C). Elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature (+2°C or +3°C) strongly affected the crop growth. Elevated CO₂ stimulated leaf chlorophyll content, root-shoot length and biomass yield. However, elevated temperature inhibited chlorophyll content in both the crops. Elevated CO₂enhanced chlorophyll content by 12.9–19% in rice and 8.8–16.5%in wheat. Elevated temperature reduced chlorophyll content by a range of 20.5-27.3% in rice and 6.3-11.5% in wheat. Combined effect of elevated CO₂and elevated temperature decreased the leaf total chlorophyll and plant biomass in both crops. Study highlights that elevated CO₂ concentration and rising temperature may affect the photosynthesis and productivity of rice and wheat crop in central India.

Elevated CO₂ and rising temperature are the major climate changing drivers to attain sustainability in agriculture. The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the extent of impact of climate changing factors on rice and wheat crop. Field experiment was carried out under a Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) condition. The treatments consisted of ambient CO₂ and temperature, elevated CO₂ of 600ppm + ambient temperature, ambient CO₂ + elevated temperature (+2°C), ambient CO₂+elevated temperature (+3°C), elevated CO₂ of 600 ppm + elevated temperature (+2°C) and elevated CO₂ 600ppm + elevated temperature (+3°C). The plant yield attributes were biomass, tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, failure tillers per plant, total number of grains per panicle, failure grains per panicle and test weight. Elevated CO₂ stimulated biomass and other yield attributes in both crops. However, elevated temperature inhibited yield attributes. Elevated CO₂ enhanced biomass but elevated temperature reduced biomass of crops. Elevated CO₂ influenced tillers per plant in rice by -26.9% to 16.6% and in wheat by 3.7% to 25.9%. Elevated temperature affected number tillers up to 26.9%. Number of productive tillers in rice ranged from -28.5% to 21.4% and in wheat by -29.1% to 36%. In wheat the number of grains per panicle varied from -24.3% to 6%. Test weight of grains varied from -9.1% to 4.6% in rice. Combined effect of elevated CO₂ and elevated temperature had differential effect on crops. Study highlights that yield attributes and productivity of rice and wheat crop will be affected under elevated CO₂ and rising temperature in central part of India and warrants necessary interventions to alleviate climate stress.