To synthesise the literature on the efficacy of primary motor cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (M1-a-tDCS), as a standalone or priming technique, for pain reduction in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and CENTRAL according to PRISMA statement. Fourteen studies involving 740 people with KOA were included. In the meta-analysis, six studies compared a-tDCS alone with sham stimulation, and five studies compared a-tDCS combined with other methods with sham stimulation. We found positive effect of a-tDCS alone on pain in KOA (standard mean difference (SMD) -0.52; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.25; P=0.001; I2 = 69%). Further, a-tDCS with other treatments showed positive effect (SMD -1.23; 95% CI, -1.59 to -0.88; P<0.001; I2 = 48%) on pain in people with KOA. This evidence showed low certainty due to a high risk of bias and imprecision. A-tDCS could be considered as standalone and an adjunct treatment for pain reduction in people with KOA. Future randomised studies should address quality issues, including small sample size, to enhance the overall certainty of the findings. A-tDCS can be used as a standalone and adjunct treatment for KOA. PROSPERO number CRD42021255114.

To assess physiotherapists’ perceptions and barriers to using telerehabilitation via video and telephone for exercise management for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Sri Lanka.Currently regi...