The effect of acidic, alkaline and neutral media on wear kinetics and mechanism for fluoroplastics and polyolefins has been studied. Equations for fluoroplastic and polyolefin wear intensity...

The paper examines the method of conducting tribological studies in the dry mode of friction of nitrided and unhardened structural steels 20 and 45 in order to achieve comparable results of laboratory tests with operational characteristics. Preliminary studies of anodized steels of the same steels indicate that under conditions of extreme friction it is extremely difficult, and in some cases impossible, to use such values of specific pressure on the friction surface, at which it would be realistic to compare the results obtained for different samples made of different brands materials and processed using various technological processes. Since during the tests, constant lubrication of the friction zone was ensured, a layer of lubricant was present on the friction surface up to a certain pressure value, which led to extremely small indicators of linear wear. However, depending on the characteristics of the modified surface, there was a critical value of pressure at which the layer of lubricant was squeezed out of the friction zone, which led to instant adhesion of the surfaces. Thus, the study of wear resistance in the dry mode of friction ensures a significantly higher productivity of experiments. Unlike experiments with limit friction, dry friction can be used for different steels at the same pressure value, which eliminates the problem of comparability of results and contributes to the objectivity of conclusions regarding the effectiveness of various modification processes. According to the results of previous experiments, such a compromise pressure value can be 16 MPa. Another important phenomenon for the analysis of the influence of the modification results on the wear resistance characteristics of the surface is established - the effect of relaxation processes in the near-surface layers, which have already acquired structural transformations under the influence of pressure in the friction zone. For all steels, there is some slowing down of the intensity of wear after a break with a gradual return to the intensity characteristic of a certain brand of steel. The reason for such a phenomenon can only be the relaxation of stresses and the equalization of the characteristics of the structure in the near-surface layers. At the same time, the result is the strengthening of the surface, which explains the decrease in the intensity of the wear process. over time, as the strengthened layer breaks down, the indicators of the surface condition become equal to those before the break and the intensity of wear is restored.

The peculiarity of the soybean drying process is that it slowly releases moisture, making it easily damaged by mechanical movements. The soybean shell dries faster, with the surface quickly dehydrating, while the central part remains moist. Soybeans must be dried so that the rate of moisture evaporation from the surface of the grain does not exceed the rate of moisture movement from the centre of the grain to its surface. Soybeans contain more protein and fat compared to grains of other crops. The large amount of protein in soybeans creates favourable conditions for the development of mould fungi. Additionally, soybeans are highly hygroscopic. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct a study of the characteristics of soybean seeds. The primary objective is to optimize the low-temperature convective drying process of soybean seeds by analyzing their physicomechanical and thermophysical properties, as well as evaluating the impact of drying temperature on seed germination and quality. In particular, an analysis of physico-mechanical, thermophysical, heat and mass transfer, kinetic, and biochemical characteristics was carried out. In the article, alongside a review of the literature concerning the properties of soybean seeds by various authors, original research has also been conducted. These properties depend on the action of a complex of factors, including the temperature and humidity of the heat carrier, seed humidity, and other variables. Knowledge of these properties enables the drying process to be carried out effectively and to be intensified. The properties presented, based on both the findings of other authors and the author's research, provide an opportunity for a comprehensive assessment of these characteristics. The original research can be divided into three stages, aimed at determining the following properties of soybean seeds as a drying object: physico-mechanical, thermophysical, and heat and mass transfer properties. The heat and mass transfer characteristics are calculated based on physico-mechanical, thermophysical, and experimental studies of drying soybean seeds. Drying of soybean seeds is conducted under low-temperature conditions to preserve the quality characteristics of the material. Increasing the temperature from 40 to 60°C intensifies the drying process 2.125 times. The resulting soybean seeds exhibit a germination rate of 90–96%, which decreases with increasing temperature.