Background: Coffee consumption by young people has increased dramatically over the last decades as there are substantial evidence of the physiological, cognitive, and emotional effects of coffee consumption. To reduce the risk of consuming related harm, it is necessary to understand the consumer’s motivation for its use. Objective: This study aimed to investigate coffee consumption behavior in young adults, assess the type of coffee consumption, explore motivation, document adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms of coffee intake. Methods: A sample of 923 young adults were recruited voluntarily to complete a set of measures examining motivations, adverse effects, and withdrawal symptoms of coffee intake. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between coffee consumption and all independent variables. A p-value of 0.005 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results indicate that more than half of the participants consumed coffee. Coffee consumers were more like to be male, young adults, unmarried, poor sleep pattern (3– 5 hours), and smokers. Main motivations of coffee intake were those related to reinforcing effects. The prevalence of dripper coffee consumption (85.59%) was observed to be highest with 20.1% participants consuming coffee in 2– 3 times per day. Participants experienced restlessness, shaky, excited, difficulty in falling sleep, and fast heart beat as adverse effects of coffee consumption. Withdrawal symptoms such as headache, mood change, and tiredness were also noticed after consuming a high amount of coffee. Gender (p < 0.005), age (p < 0.003), family income (p < 0.004), BMI (p < 0.002) and sleeping pattern (p < 0.005) were found important variables associated with coffee intake. Conclusion: The association reported in this study may allow for the implementation of appropriate strategies to address behaviors towards excessive coffee consumption and its link to an increased risk of poor health.

Purpose: Artificial Intelligence is drastically used nowadays in healthcare, but little is known about the attitude and perception of medical students towards AI in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to explore undergraduate medical student’s views on AI, assessed their understanding of AI, and the level of confidence of using basic AI tools in the future. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited 303 medical undergraduate students to complete an anonymous electronic survey, which consists of questions related to attitude, understanding and confidence of using basic AI tools. We examined the statistical association between the categorical variables by using Chi-square test. Results: The results of the study indicate that eighty-seven percent of participants believed that AI will play significant role in healthcare. Thirty-eight percent respondents reported that they have an understanding of the basic computational principle of AI. 71.29% respondents agreed that teaching in AI would be favorable for their career. More than half of the participants were confident in using basic AI tools in the future, Male students (p = 0.00), 26– 30 years old participants (p = 0.03), intern students (p = 0.00), and Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University medical students (p = 0.04) had positive attitude of artificial intelligence. Male participants (p = 0.02), and intern students (p = 0.00) had the highest proportion of confidence in using basic healthcare AI tool. Nearly 14% students received training on AI. Participants who received training on AI reported better understanding of AI (p = 0.03), develops positive attitude towards teaching in AI (p = 0.05), more confidence in using basic healthcare AI tools (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Saudi medical undergraduate students understand the significance of AI and demonstrated a positive attitude towards AI. Medical students training on AI should be expanded and improved to avoid threats for seeking jobs by adapting artificial intelligence.

Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) is a form of diurnal intermittent fasting observed by Muslims worldwide during the month of Ramadan. Previous studies have highlighted various benefits of RIF, particularly in healthy individuals, with positive effects on mood. Despite the physiological demands of RIF, limited research exists on its psychological implications for medical students—a population under considerable academic stress. This study examines changes in the mood of medical students during RIF and explores how these changes may vary according to demographic factors. This prospective study involved 108 medical students who completed the Brunel Mood Scale and demographic questionnaire at three distinct intervals: 1 week before, during, and 1 week after Ramadan. Data was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The Wilks’ Lambda test was employed to compare the means and evaluate the significant effects of RIF on mood. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The findings of this study revealed significant changes in mood during Ramadan. While anger levels remained relatively stable across all three-time points, with only a slight increase during fasting. In contrast, confusion and depression gradually declined, suggesting improved emotional well-being as Ramadan progressed, particularly after fasting ended. Fatigue and tension were highest during the fasting period, indicating greater physical and emotional strain. Meanwhile, vigor temporarily decreased during fasting but returned to higher levels afterward. Result of analysis of variance identified tension as the most significantly affected emotional state (p = 0.03). The analysis of emotional states across demographics highlights key significant relationships, with tension showed the strongest associations among the mood dimensions and was significantly affected by academic year (p < 0.01) and smoking status (p = 0.04). Fatigue showed significant effects across multiple demographics, including area of residence (p = 0.03), family structure (p = 0.01), sex (p = 0.04), income (p = 0.02), and smoking status (p = 0.01). Confusion was significantly influenced by academic year (p = 0.01), while depression showed significant relationships with income (p = 0.03) and smoking status (p = 0.04). These findings suggest that tension, fatigue, and confusion are particularly sensitive to demographic variations. The study highlights the complex relationship between RIF, emotional outcomes, and sociodemographic variables in medical students, underscoring the need for tailored interventions to support students’ well-being during fasting periods. These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological impact of fasting in the context of medical education.

Background and Objectives: Children with disabilities face unique challenges that can affect their well-being and quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the QOL and coping strategies adopted by children with disabilities and explore how socio-demographic factors influence QOL and coping strategies. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Saudi Arabia with children aged 6 to 18 years, used a stratified random sample to ensure representation from a variety of demographic groups. Short Form-12 (SF-12) was used to assess the QOL in the sample population. The Brief COPE Inventory was used to examine coping strategies among the children. One-way analysis of variance was applied to examine differences in the QOL, coping strategies scores, and demographic variables. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the role of demographic variables in predicting QOL and p value was considered statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: The results of the study clearly revealed significant differences between the mean scores of QOL for gender, age, and type of disability, duration of disability, education qualification, family status, family occupation, and housing status. Female participants showed better QOL in physical functioning than their male counterparts. Children with intellectual disability reported better QOL in general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. Participants with seven to eight years of disability reported higher scores in physical functioning, vitality, and mental health. Children whose parents were working in private agencies and living in rented houses scored higher on the general health aspects of quality of life. The findings also revealed that the duration of the disability was a significant predictor of the QOL. The mean scores of different dimensions of coping strategies clearly revealed that male participants used dysfunctional coping (p < 0.01), as compared to problem-focused and emotional-focused coping while female children relied more on emotional-focused coping. Emotion-focused coping was significantly higher in participants with visual (p < 0.01), learning (p < 0.01), and intellectual disabilities (p < 0.01). Dysfunctional coping scores were higher among children with auditory disabilities (p < 0.01) and multiple disabilities (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of demographic factors in understanding and improving the well-being of a diverse population of disabled juveniles. It offers valuable insights into the subtle factors affecting quality of life. Future interventions and policies can leverage these findings to enhance the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and to foster a more supportive and inclusive approach.

Background: The association between personality traits and hypertension is complex and has so far not been studied in depth. Objective: The present study aims to explore the connection between the Big Five personality traits and hypertension. Methods: This case control study includes 310 participants, and the relationship between personality traits and hypertension was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive patients by the Big Five Inventory-10. We examined the association of each of the Big Five personality traits in hypertensive patients and a control group using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The findings of the study revealed that amongst the Big Five personality factors, low conscientiousness (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92– 1.29, P< 0.005) and high neuroticism (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45– 0.66, P< 0.001) were related with high risk of hypertension. Male, older people, and physically inactive individuals have been found to be at a higher risk of hypertension. No significant relationship was found between hypertension and marital status, education, or smoking habits. Conclusion: These results suggested that a low score in conscientiousness trait and a high neuroticism score may be an additional risk factor of hypertension. Thus, it may be worthy to investigate further in order to identify patients at risk and develop a more individual treatment strategy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological options can be used preemptively in high-risk patients.

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms such as ChatGPT are rapidly reshaping higher education, particularly in medical learning environments. Although several researches have examined students’ perceptions and attitudes toward ChatGPT in Saudi Arabia, context-specific evidence focusing on medical students and their practical engagement with ChatGPT remained limited. Objectives: This study aimed to describe patterns of ChatGPT usage, students’ perceptions, attitudes, and practices among medical students and to explore their associations with demographic and academic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between August to October 2025 involving 328 undergraduate medical students in King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Data were obtained using a validated 44-item instrument measuring students’ perceptions, attitudes, and practices toward ChatGPT. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, Version, 27), with statistical significant set at p < 0.05. Parametric assumptions were tested, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors. Results: An exceptional high proportion of students (97.6%) reported prior use of ChatGPT, indicating widespread familiarity with the tool. In terms of usage pattern, the majority (60.1%) indicated frequent use, followed by 26.8% who used it always, 11.3% sometimes, and only 1.08% who had never used it. Overall perception ( M = 3.90 ± 0.69), attitude ( M = 3.71 ± 0.62), and practice ( M = 3.68 ± 0.73) scores reflected generally positive views. A large majority (81.7%) found ChatGPT helpful or extremely helpful in understanding medical concepts, and 73.8% believed it useful for summarizing research articles. Nonetheless, concerns persisted, with 65.2% expressed apprehension about over-reliance on ChatGPT potentially affecting originality and critical thinking. Multiple regression analyses indicated that gender, age, academic year, family status, family income, type of stay, and GPA were significant predictors of perception, attitude, and practice scores ( R ² = 0.11–0.15, p < 0.05), with academic year, age, GPA, and gender being the most consistent predictors. Younger students (4.5), and students from higher-income families exhibited more favorable responses. Conclusion: The findings highlight strong awareness, frequent use, and positive perception toward ChatGPT among medical students at King Faisal University, viewed as an accessible and effective academic aid. Nevertheless, apprehension remain regarding reliability, ethical use, and risk of overdependence. Institutional frameworks incorporating AI literacy, critical appraisal training, and ethical guidelines are essential to ensure effective integration of ChatGPT in medical education.