Osseous dysplasia (OD) is a form of fibro-osseous lesion located in the jaws that may interfere with the adjacent anatomical structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of radiographic imaging features, the morphological characteristics and the lesion volume of OD with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study included radiologically diagnosed lesions followed up for at least 1 year. The prevalence and distribution of the OD types were defined in terms of age, sex, lesion location, teeth, relationship with the anatomical structures, and lesion volume. The mean age gradually increased from the periapical group to the florid group (p = 0.018). It was observed that the mandible was the most frequently affected bone (85.5%) (p < 0.05). The margins of the lesions were well defined, and had an irregular or circular shape. The buccal cortical bone was the most affected structure (84.5%), and the damage in the cortical bone increased with an increase in the lesion volume. With regard to teeth, the most frequent disorder was a discontinuous lamina dura (83.0%). Osseous dysplasia lesions affect a wide range of different anatomical areas, and show different volume and morphometric characteristics.