This paper presents a comparison of four bio- inspired algorithms (all seen as search engines) with a similar constraint-handling mechanism (Deb's feasibility rules) to solve constrained optimization problems. The aim is to analyze the performance of traditional versions of each algorithm based on both, final results and on-line behavior. A set of 24 well- known benchmark problems are used in the experiments. Quality and consistency of results per each algorithm are investigated. Furthermore, two performance measures (number of evaluations to reach a feasible solution and progress ratio inside the feasible region) are utilized to compare the on-line behavior of each approach. Based on the obtained results, some conclusions are established.

Large language models (LLMs) are tools that help us in a variety of activities, from creating well-structured texts to quickly consulting information. But as these new technologies are so easily accessible, many people use them for their own benefit without properly citing the original author, or in other cases the student sector can be heavily compromised because students may opt for a quick answer over understanding and comprehending a specific topic in depth, considerably reducing their basic writing, editing and reading comprehension skills. Therefore, we propose to create a model to identify texts produced by LLM. To do so, we will use natural language processing (NLP) and machine-learning algorithms to recognize texts that mask LLM misuse using different types of adversarial attack, like paraphrasing or translation from one language to another. The main contributions of this work are to identify the texts generated by the large language models, and for this purpose several experiments were developed looking for the best results implementing the f1, accuracy, recall and precision metrics, together with PCA and t-SNE diagrams to see the classification of each one of the texts.

The goal of this article is the application of a non-adaptive classification algorithm to support the variable management process for internal climate control. The protected agriculture has given many advantages for the care and improvement in the production of almost any food. This work is focused on improving a control system for climate variables. The decision for activating an actuator for the correct care of the crop is very important. A sorting network technique with predefined compare–interchange operations and designed to order data very efficiently is proposed. This approach has been applied to the process of handling actuators within a control system. An advantage of using the sorting networks is that it has an inflexibility when processing a data list; it always takes the same units of time and is executed in the same number of operations for an input size of n. Sorting network–based applications are scarce in the state-of-the-art because there are not many techniques that are effective for sorting very small data sizes. The use of sorting networks in the process of assessing the determination of actuators is proposed. This operation is scheduled in the design of control and performed at each reading back data.

La competitividad en el campo mexicano se asocia a productores con una estructura organizacional formal y conscientes de ser parte medular dentro de la cadena de valor agrícola. En el estado de Guanajuato, México, los mercados para los pequeños productores son principalmente locales y continuamente sobreviven gracias a los apoyos gubernamentales. Para mejorar la competitividad, las organizaciones han usado tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue el de comprobar que la asimilación de TIC en los pequeños productores de agricultura protegida es una estrategia que influye en la mejora de la competitividad de sus unidades de producción (UP). Para alcanzar el objetivo, se adecuó la Matriz de Análisis de Políticas (MAP) para calcular los niveles de competitividad, así como el Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica (TAM), a partir de la teoría de la acción razonada (TRA) para determinar las actitudes que influyen en la conducta y poder calcular los niveles de asimilación de TIC. Se obtuvo como resultado principal una relación altamente significativa entre la competitividad y la asimilación de TIC. Con lo anterior, se concluyó que el nivel de competitividad en los pequeños productores de agricultura protegida está altamente asociado al nivel de asimilación de las TIC. Se recomienda ampliamente a los productores esforzarse para incorporarlas en su toma de decisiones y administración de sus UP.