There is increasing evidence that dietary habits play a role in prostate cancer (PC) occurrence. Argentinean cancer risk studies require additional attention because of the singular dietary pattern of this population. A case-control study (147 PC cases, 300 controls) was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) throughout 2008–2013. A principal component factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. A mixed logistic regression model was applied, taking into account family history of cancer. Possible bias was evaluated by probabilistic bias analysis. Four dietary patterns were identified:Traditional(fatty red meats, offal, processed meat, starchy vegetables, added sugars and sweets, candies, fats, and vegetable oils),Prudent(nonstarchy vegetables, whole grains),Carbohydrate(sodas/juices and bakery products), andCheese(cheeses). High adherence to the Traditional (OR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.569–5.099) and Carbohydrate Patterns (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.470–3.128) showed a promoting effect for PC, whereas the Prudent and Cheese Patterns were independent factors. PC occurrence was also associated with family history of PC. Bias adjusted ORs indicate that the validity of the present study is acceptable. High adherence to characteristic Argentinean dietary patterns was associated with increased PC risk. Our results incorporate original contributions to knowledge about scenarios in South American dietary patterns and PC occurrence.

Little evidence regarding the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on colorectal cancer exists in Latin American countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Córdoba, Argentina. A frequency-matched case-control study (N = 446, including 144 (32.3%) CRC cases and 302 (67.7%) controls was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) from 2008 through 2015. DII® scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multilevel logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and CRC, following adjustment for age, body mass index, sex, energy intake, smoking habits, socio-economic status, physical activity, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-level covariates and level of urbanization as the contextual variable. Odds of colorectal cancer increased linearly with increasing DII scores (OR_continuous 1.34; 95%CI 1.07 to 1.69 and OR_{tertile3 vs. tertile1} 1.21; 95%CI 1.01 to 1.44). The association was stronger among men than women (OR_continuous 1.29; 95%CI 1.21 to 1.37 vs. OR_continuous 1.05; 95%CI 0.83 to 1.33, respectively). A proinflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with colorectal cancer occurrence, mainly in men.

The aim of this study was to give an overview of the magnitude, variation by age and time trends in the rates of prostate cancer mortality in Córdoba province and in Argentina as a whole from 1986 to 2006. Mortality data were provided by the Córdoba Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization cancer mortality database. Prostate cancer mortality time trends were analyzed using joinpoint analysis and age-period-cohort models. In Argentina prostate cancer age-standardized mortality rates rose by 1% and 3.4% per year from 1986 to 1992 and from 1992 to 1998 respectively. There was a decreasing trend (-1.6%) for Argentina from 1998 and Córdoba (-1.9%) from 1995. Age-period-cohort models for the country and the province showed a strong age effect. In the country there was an increased risk in the 1996-2000 period, whereas there was decreased risk for birth cohorts since 1946, principally in Córdoba. A decreasing trend in prostate cancer mortality was found in Córdoba as well as in Argentina, which might be attributed to the improvement in treatment in this country.

There exist several works considering the association between diet and prostate cancer (PC) risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological studies on diet and risk of PC focusing on those carried out in countries of South America. There is some suggestion that dairy products, red meat, processed meat, α-linolenic fatty acids, as well as dietary patterns characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meat, eggs, and grains may play some role in the development of PC. There is no clear association with the intake of vegetables and fruits, lycopene, fats, and different types of fatty acids. The evidence on diet and PC is therefore inconclusive in general and specifically in South America. Particular attention must be paid to the study of cancer risk in some countries of South America because of the singularly risky dietary pattern consumed by its population.