Background: Breast and prostate cancer represent a significant global public health burden. Among the adverse effects of oncological treatments, fatigue is one of the most prevalent, persistent, and disabling symptoms. Therapeutic exercise has been shown to be effective for its management, with supervision identified as a key factor that may enhance adherence, safety, and intensity control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of supervised exercise programs versus usual care on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast or prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic search (September–December 2024) was conducted in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PEDro, Scielo), selecting RCTs from the past 10 years in English or Spanish. Studies compared supervised exercise with unsupervised exercise or usual care in stage I–III breast or prostate cancer patients within five years post-treatment. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and risk of bias with Cochrane’s RoB 2.0. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect sizes (ES, 95% CI), with heterogeneity (I²), sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses. Results: A total of 25 interventions from 19 randomized controlled trials involving over 2200 participants were included. Supervised exercise significantly reduced cancer-related fatigue compared to usual care (effect size = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.47; p < 0.001; I² = 56%). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings. Subgroup analyses revealed greater effects in combined exercise programs, in men, and in patients with prostate cancer. No evidence of publication bias was observed. While 73.7% of studies were rated as having good methodological quality, the risk of bias was often unclear or high. Conclusions: Supervised therapeutic exercise programs are effective and safe for reducing fatigue in breast and prostate cancer survivors. These interventions should be incorporated into comprehensive care plans, with individualization based on patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics. Further research is needed to identify the most effective and sustainable strategies for different patient subgroups.

Background: Cancer treatments often reduce quality of life (QoL), and non-pharmacological options are limited. Supervised exercise shows promise, but its effectiveness across exercise types and patient subgroups is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of supervised exercise on QoL in breast and prostate cancer patients, considering exercise type, duration, and patient characteristics. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 26 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and approximately 3500 participants was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, SciELO, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2024. Eligible studies involved adults with breast or prostate cancer undergoing supervised exercise versus usual care or unsupervised activity. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, methodological quality with the PEDro scale, and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: Supervised exercise was associated with significant improvements in QoL (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22–0.70; p < 0.001), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 91.5%). Combined programs had the greatest effect (SMD = 0.77), followed by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = 0.30). Shorter interventions (≤12 weeks) yielded larger improvements. Effects were more consistent in women with breast cancer. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was low. Conclusions: Supervised therapeutic exercise is associated with significant improvements in QoL in breast and prostate cancer patients. Combined and well-structured programs, particularly of short duration, appear especially beneficial. These findings support the integration of supervised exercise into standard oncological care. Further research should explore long-term sustainability and optimize interventions for specific patient profiles.

Background: Due to their high toxicity, cancer treatments produce multiple sequelae, including fatigue, which has a great impact on quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy on quality of life, fatigue, and functional capacity of a short-term exercise program combining aerobic exercise, resistance training, and stretching for 6 weeks in cancer patients. Methods: The design of the study was quasi-experimental, which included a group of 30 women who were receiving or had received in the last year chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal treatment. The exercise supervised program with vigorous intensity lasted for six weeks and consisted of three distinct blocks: aerobic exercise (25 min), resistance training (20 min), and stretching exercises (15 min). Before and after starting the exercise program quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire), functional capacity [6 min Walking Test (6MWT), Handgrip Test (HGT), 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (30s-STST)], and fatigue (FACIT-F questionnaire) were measured. Results: In the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire significantly higher scores were observed in the global health status scale (p < 0.05), as well as in the functional scale in the role functioning, emotional functioning, and cognitive functioning items (p < 0.05), indicating a higher quality of life and overall health level. There was also a reduction in fatigue (p < 0.05), obtaining higher scores on the FACIT-F questionnaire after the exercise program. Additionally significant improvements are observed in 6MWT, HGT, and 30s-STST following the implementation of the exercise program (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A 6-week exercise protocol, with a vigorous intensity, including resistance training, endurance, and stretching exercises can produce significant improvements in quality of life and reduction in fatigue, as well as improve muscle strength and functional capacity.

Background: Reduced quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and functional impairment are common during and after oncologic treatment. Although therapeutic exercise is effective, evidence on brief, supervised programs of moderate to vigorous intensity remains limited, despite their greater clinical feasibility. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a six-week multimodal Therapeutic Exercise Program (TEP) in patients with cancer. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT05816187) was conducted with 110 patients with cancer (stages I–III), assigned to either an intervention group (supervised TEP, three sessions per week for six weeks) or a control group (usual care). The program included cardiorespiratory and strength training with intensity monitored using the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), as well as stretching exercises. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), fatigue using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale (FACIT-F), functional capacity using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and muscle strength using the 30 Second Sit to Stand Test (30s-STST) and handgrip dynamometry (HGT). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), responder analyses based on the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID), and effect sizes (ηp²) were performed. Results: The intervention group showed significant and clinically meaningful improvements in fatigue (FACIT-F: +4.53; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.135), global QoL (+9.22; p = 0.006), physical function, functional capacity (+24.16 m in the 6MWT; p = 0.006), and muscle strength (30s-STST: +2.71 repetitions; handgrip: +3.32 kg; p < 0.001). A total of 63.3% of participants were responders for fatigue compared with 13.3% in the control group (NNT = 2.00). Functional improvements showed moderate correlations with fatigue and global health status. Among symptoms, only insomnia demonstrated a significant reduction. Conclusions: A brief, supervised, multimodal TEP of moderate to vigorous intensity appears to be an effective, safe, and clinically relevant intervention to improve fatigue, QoL, and functional capacity in patients with cancer, with potential applicability in multidisciplinary oncologic care.

Introduction: Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have high rates of urinary incontinence, yet objective neuromuscular data are limited. We compared pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activation using surface electromyography (sEMG) in adults with ID versus matched controls. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 104 participants were recruited to an ID group ( n = 52) and a matched control group ( n = 52). Perianal sEMG recorded five maximal voluntary contractions following a standardised protocol. Intensity, variability, contraction onset and relaxation times were analysed using t or Mann–Whitney tests, MANOVA and multiple regression. Results: Compared with controls, the ID group showed lower mean activity (5.3 ± 6.0 vs. 8.8 ± 7.2 μV; p < 0.001; d = 0.52), lower peaks, longer onset and greater variability; relaxation parameters did not differ. MANOVA indicated a significant global group effect (Wilks' λ = 0.801, p = 0.003). Regression identified ID as the sole independent predictor of reduced activation. Conclusions: Adults with ID exhibit weaker, less stable and delayed PFM activation, supporting tailored physiotherapy.