La incorporación de las tecnologías en los escenarios de interacción social ha propiciado cambios en la forma en la que las personas se comunican, aprenden y comparten información. En la educación, el acceso y la masificación de la infraestructura digital ha provocado la necesidad de conceptualizar y reconceptualizar desde diversas aristas el término alfabetización digital como una forma de comprender cuales son las habilidades que se necesitan para poder participar en un mundo hiperconectado. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía relacionada con el tema utilizando la base de datos Scopus. Se elaboró un estudio diacrónico que examinó 138 artículos obtenidos a partir de los términos digital literacy, education y school. Se identificó una conceptualización temprana basada en la necesidad de incorporar habilidades para usar instrumentalmente las tecnologías, y una reconceptualización contemporánea en la que se supera la idea que dominar el hardware y software es suficiente para considerar a una persona digitalmente alfabetizada. Se concluye que, para hacer conceptualizaciones de alfabetización digital, necesariamente se deben considerar términos como alfabetización informacional, alfabetización computacional y alfabetización mediática, ya que sobre estos parámetros se articulan las nuevas alfabetizaciones basadas en la incorporación de las tecnologías en la educación. The incorporation of technologies in scenarios of social interaction has led to changes in the way in which people communicate, learn and share information. In education, access and massification of digital infrastructure has led to the need to conceptualize and reconceptualize the term digital literacy from various angles as a way of understanding what are the skills needed to participate in a hyperconnected world. In this work, a systematic review of the bibliography related to the topic was carried out using the Scopus database. A diachronic study was carried out that examined 138 articles obtained from the terms digital literacy, education and school. An early conceptualization based on the need to incorporate skills to use technologies instrumentally was identified, and a contemporary reconceptualization in which the idea that mastering hardware and software is enough to consider a person digitally literate is overcome. It is concluded that, in order to make digital literacy conceptualizations, terms such as information literacy, computer literacy and media literacy must necessarily be considered, since new literacies based on the incorporation of technologies in education are articulated on these parameters.

Research competencies are skills that university students must develop to create and socialize scientific products during their academic live. In this research, an experience was implemented to improve the students’ competency levels through its imbrication with complex thinking and the use of Education 4.0 applications, such as remote team workflow development apps, web-based virtual reality, and social robotics. The study was sequential-quantitative and descriptive. A questionnaire was applied before and after the experience to know the perception of 105 Mexican university students, later a rubric was implemented for the teacher’s assessment. The results indicate that the students perceived an improvement in their research skills, however, the evaluation showed a difference between the student’s perception and the teacher’s regarding improvement in said skills. The experience can be scaled to other scenarios, where disruptive teaching strategies can support research skills development.

La incorporación de las TIC en los escenarios educativos representa un reto para los docentes en el sentido de auto orientarse en la forma en la que utilizan estas herramientas en su práctica áulica e incluso en sus actividades cotidianas, cabe mencionar que estas formas de impactan directamente en la formación de los estudiantes, en la manera de conducirse a lo largo del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, así como en su formación personal. En este artículo se documenta el proceso de diseño y validación de un cuestionario para analizar cómo estos docentes están incorporando las TIC desde el referente teórico de la práctica docente. Para tal fin, se utilizó una variación del Método Delphi que permitió una respuesta eficiente de los expertos seleccionados para la validación. Como resultado se logró obtener un cuestionario con una escala tipo Likert en donde se refleja la experiencia profesional de expertos de distintas universidades para otorgar elaborar un cuestionario con claridad en las preguntas e ítems pertinentes.Palabras clave: Práctica docente; TIC;Validez;Método delphi; Juicio de expertos. Application of the Modified Delphi Method for the Validation of a Questionnaire on the Incorporation of ICT in Teaching PracticeThe incorporation of ICT in educational scenes represents a challenge for teachers in a self-oriented way in which they use those tools in their classroom practice and even in their daily activities. It should be mentioned that these forms of use, make an impact on the formation of the students, in the way they conduct themselves throughout the teaching-learning process, as well as in their personal formation. The purpose of this paper is to document the design and validation process of a questionnaire to analyze how some teachers are incorporating ICT from the theoretical reference of a teaching practice. For this purpose, a variation of the Delphi Method was used, which allowed an efficient response of the experts selected for the validation. As a result, a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale was obtained and the professional experience of teachers from different universities to grant a questionnaire with clarity in the questions and pertinent items.Keywords: Teaching practice; ICT; Validity; Delphi method; Expertsjudgment.

Estrategia metodológica para elaborar un estado del arte como un producto de investigación científica / Methodological strategy to develop the state of the art as a product of educative research

Mathematics is considered an important factor in the integral formation of students, however, obstacles in their learning result in new knowledge not being generated, which is necessary to develop an efficient school career. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have become a resource with which obstacles can be overcome, especially those related with the prevalence of erroneous conceptual and procedural knowledge. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the use of technologies to reduce the obstacles mentioned in the baccalaureate educational level; to achieve this, a descriptive, non-experimental study was carried out, using the survey technique to ask about the perceptions of 207 students in how technologies have modified their preconceived notions and interpretations of inefficient mathematical concepts and procedures. The results indicate that from the intentional use of ICT students perceive a change in the understanding of mathematics, thereby reducing obstacles in learning. It is concluded that the use of technology is an aspect of great importance for the training of students, as long as it is accompanied by the disciplinary knowledge of the teacher.

The gender digital divide (GDD) is a phenomenon that refers to the inequalities and differences between men and women in accessing the digital ecosystem in various environments, such as the scenarios of Education 4.0. Bridging the GDD in access, use, and appropriation of technologies would promote the digital inclusion in spaces traditionally dominated by men. A systematic literature review was conducted using seven databases, considering Scopus and Web of Science. Through this, the factors with the most significant impact on the widening of this type of gap were identified. The findings suggest that the elements that limit the GDD are (a) access and use of technologies, (b) social barriers, and (c) gender stereotypes and roles. On the other hand, factors that need to be considered for the digital inclusion of women were identified as follows: (a) the mode of interaction with technologies, (b) digital competencies in Education 4.0, (c) the mode of technology‐mediated teaching and learning, (d) digital competencies in the workplace, and (e) digital participation. It is concluded that more digital inclusion strategies are needed to reduce the GDD, thus requiring greater participation from society and universities to achieve digital equity.