This systematic meta-analytic review investigated the relations between achievement goals and internalizing symptoms and disorders, namely, anxiety and depression. The number of samples for each focal relationship ranged from 3 to 36. The results indicated significant effect sizes for the relations between mastery-approach goals and anxiety (r = − .10) and depression (r = − .18), as well as performance-avoidance goals and anxiety (r = .25) and depression (r = .16). A significant effect size was also found for the relation between performance-approach goals and anxiety (r = .15), and a non-significant effect size was observed for the relation between performance-approach goals and depression (r = .05). Mastery-avoidance goals were not significantly related to either anxiety (r = .08) or depression (r = − .13). Several moderators representing the conceptualization of achievement goals (e.g., theoretical model), sample characteristics (e.g., education level), and methodology- and publication-based characteristics (e.g., year of publication) were significant, and suggested avenues for future research. These findings herein have implications for intervention programs that could focus on reducing the links between achievement goals and internalizing problems.

Modern organizations ask employees not only to accomplish their tasks, but also to cooperate effectively and be innovative. Psychological safety, the conviction of the employees that the workplace is a safe place, is an important factor in predicting these behaviours, but the explanations for these effects are not fully known. The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of work engagement and job crafting in the relationship between psychological safety and three types of work performance: task performance, contextual performance, and creative performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 316 employees (46.52% female). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires. Work engagement and job crafting completely mediated the effect of psychological safety on task performance and contextual performance, but the effect on creative performance was fully mediated only by work engagement. The study contributes to the development of theory by providing an explanatory mechanism in the relationship between psychological safety and three types of performance. From a practical perspective, fostering psychological safety can help organizations to increase employees’ work engagement, job crafting, ultimately leading to enhanced performance.

Building on the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Stress-Coping Model, the present study explored the relationship between perfectionism (rigid, self-critical, narcissistic) and subjective happiness among youth. In this relationship, we also examined the mediating roles of substance use (i.e., drinking and smoking) and Internet addiction symptoms. Our sample comprised 431 Romanian university students aged 18–25 (M = 20.50, SD = 1.58), and most of them were females (79.81%, self-reported gender). Participants completed self-reported anonymous scales through a web-based survey at the beginning of 2023. Correlation analysis results indicated that all forms of perfectionism were associated with Internet addiction symptoms. Self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism and drinking, smoking, and Internet addiction symptoms were negatively associated with subjective happiness. Path analysis suggested that health-risk behaviors completely mediated the effect of perfectionism on subjective happiness. High levels of perfectionism were associated with high levels of health-risk behaviors, and high levels of addictive behaviors were associated with low levels of subjective happiness. We discuss the present findings considering their practical use regarding students' subjective happiness.