Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an ancient oilseed crop. Camelina seed can be used as a food ingredient and raw material for the production of oil. The by-product of camelina oil used as fodder ingredient. But there is no information in Ethiopia about camelina production, so that an experiment was conducted at at Lambuda Hossana area, Southern Ethiopia to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield attribute along with different seeding rate of camelina in 2016 cropping year. The treatments were 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha^-1 and Camelina seeding rate 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with three replications. The result revealed that application of nitrogen has significantly increased the seed yield camelina compared with the control. There was a steady increase in the seed yield of camelina for nitrogen levels from 100 kg ha^-1 up to 150 kg ha^-1 in the studyarea. Combined analysis of the two treatment factors data showed that still the highest yield was obtained at nitrogen level applied at of 150 kg ha-1 with seeding 10 ha^-1. Seeding rate also varied significantly in their performance with respect to yield components and yield ha^-1. Accordingly, 10 kg ha^-1 performed best relative to the other three seeding rate. It is concluded that there is a significant and positive response of camelina to applied nitrogen and the highest biological and grain yield was obtained at nitrogen level of 150 kg ha-1 with seeding rate of 10kg ha^-1. Thus it is recommended that nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the area to mitigate nitrogen deficiency for enhanced camelina yield.

The Tef crop is significant in Ethiopia for domestic use and as a revenue source. However, the productivity of Tef is hampered by poor soil fertility and a lack of fertilizer recommendations tailored to different Tef varieties. In 2023, a field experiment was conducted in Tembaro District, Central Ethiopia, to address these issues. The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal blended NPSB fertilizer rates for different Tef varieties. Four NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha) and four Tef varieties [Local Check, Quncho, Tsedey (Cr‐37), and Bosset] with a seed rate of 7.5 kg/ha were used. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth, yield, and other data were collected and analyzed using SAS 9.4. The results showed significant ( p < 0.05) interaction effects between variety and fertilizer rate for most measured traits, like days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, and panicle length. Compared to the other variety‐fertilizer combinations analyzed, the study showed that the Quncho, when applied 135 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron (NPSB) fertilizer, had the highest grain yield (2.33 t/ha), straw yield (3.20283 t/ha), total biomass output (5.5328 t/ha), and harvest index (HI) (42%). The Quncho variety yielded a net benefit of 134,014 Ethiopian Birr and had the highest marginal rate of return (MRR%) at 1060%. These findings indicated that farmers in the area can increase the yield of Tef by applied with 135 kg/ha of NPSB fertilizer together with the Quncho variety. Additional multiseason research is required to confirm the present findings and offer detailed suggestions.

La camelina, un cultivo oleaginoso anual, está ganando reconocimiento como alternativa sostenible a las semillas oleaginosas tradicionales debido a su adaptabilidad a tierras marginales, sus bajos requerimientos de agua y su alto contenido de aceite rico en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, en particular ácido alfa-linolénico. En Etiopía, la camelina promete mejorar los medios de subsistencia rurales, la seguridad alimentaria y las aplicaciones industriales, como el biodiésel, los bioplásticos y la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, faltan estudios exhaustivos sobre su viabilidad agronómica, la calidad de su aceite y su impacto ambiental en Etiopía. Esta revisión sintetiza la bibliografía existente entre 2002 y 2024, centrándose en las características agronómicas, la calidad del aceite, los beneficios medioambientales y el potencial socioeconómico de la camelina. Los resultados indican que la camelina prospera en suelos pobres, tolera la sequía y tiene un periodo vegetativo corto, lo que la hace adecuada para los diversos climas de Etiopía. Su aceite, con gran estabilidad oxidativa y alto contenido en ALA, es ideal para biocombustibles y productos industriales, mientras que sus subproductos sirven de alimento animal rico en proteínas. A pesar de su potencial, los retos son el escaso conocimiento del mercado, el menor rendimiento en comparación con las semillas oleaginosas tradicionales y la insuficiente investigación localizada. El estudio concluye que la camelina puede contribuir significativamente a la diversificación agrícola, la salud del suelo y la resistencia climática de Etiopía. La investigación futura debería centrarse en optimizar las prácticas de cultivo, la gestión de plagas y las aplicaciones industriales para aprovechar plenamente el potencial de la camelina para el desarrollo sostenible.

The information collected through multi-environment testing of wheat genotypes not only provides basis to identify promising genotypes but also to ascertain their yield potential and the genetic gains. For this purpose, in the presented study, the data originated from the Yunnan provincial Regional Yield Trials (RYT) conducted during 2006 and 2018 was used. During this period, 107 genotypes were evaluated at 18 locations under Upland Wheat (UW) management scheme, while 116 genotypes were evaluated at 21 locations under Field Wheat (FW) management scheme. By adopting standard statistical approaches and through repeated elimination procedures, 7 genotypes emerged as promising for UW and 11 for FW cultivation. These genotypes have genetic variance >1 and 44/33% higher average yield than that of UW/FW genotypes. Most of these promising genotypes were tested during 2016 and 2018 cropping seasons. This indicated a good genetic gain of around 0.7 t/ha in recent years from that of base year. These genotypes, however, needs to be further evaluated in diverse environments suitable for spring type wheat cultivation to ascertain the extent of their interaction with wider environmental conditions and possibility of using in local breeding programs of those target environments.

Climate change, marked by rising atmospheric CO₂ and temperatures, threatens global agriculture and underscores the need for climate-resilient crops like Camelina sativa. This review synthesizes camelina's physiological and biochemical responses to elevated CO₂ and temperature. Elevated CO₂ enhances photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, and water-use efficiency, but may alter carbon allocation and downregulate Rubisco activity, with genotype-dependent variation. High temperatures impair photosynthesis, accelerate respiration, and disrupt reproductive processes, reducing yields by up to 84.5% and altering oil composition. While elevated CO₂ can partially mitigate heat stress by expanding the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis, combined stressors often intensify yield losses. Nutrient uptake shifts under these conditions: CO₂ boosts nitrogen assimilation but may reduce phosphorus and micronutrient availability. Adaptation strategies include breeding for stress tolerance, adjusting planting schedules, precision irrigation, and integrated soil and nutrient management. Future research should explore CO₂-temperature interactions under realistic field conditions, identify resilient genotypes through genetic mapping, and apply emerging tools like high-throughput phenotyping and AI. Advancing camelina as a sustainable biofuel and oilseed crop demands coordinated, multidisciplinary approaches to ensure food and energy security under climate change.

Bio-char is a charcoal-like substance made through the pyrolysis of organic biomass. It has the potential to address issues related to agriculture and the environment. This thorough analysis examines the potentials of bio-char in Ethiopia to enhance crop productivity, reduce climate change, and improve soil fertility. Drawing from academic databases and peer-reviewed literatures, the review explores the production and characterization of bio-char, its impact on soil fertility and crop productivity, and its role in carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. The review emphasizes on how bio-char may improve plant nutrition and soil fertility, which raises agricultural yields and quality while improving drought resistance. The review also emphasizes the potential of bio-char for greenhouse gas mitigation and carbon sequestration, enhancing Ethiopia's efforts to mitigate climate change. Yet the study also points out several challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed to allow Ethiopians to use bio-char technology on a large scale. These include the need for appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks, the availability and accessibility of bio-char feedstocks, and the importance of continued research and development to optimize production methods and application strategies. The review concludes by highlighting the groundbreaking potential of bio-char in promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices and sustainable agriculture in Ethiopia. It necessitates a coordinated effort to solve the problems and grasp the opportunities by making sound decisions in policy integration, research, and development. Ethiopia can advance its sustainable development goals by using bio-char to create a road towards increased food security, healthy soil, and environmental resilience.