"Ayvalık" is one of the prominent olive cultivar used for producing virgin olive oil (VOO) in Turkey. In this study, 215 olive samples of "Ayvalık" were harvested from 14 different locations in North Aegean Region of Anatolia by hand-picking during three consecutive crop seasons. The early harvested cold press VOO samples were produced at lab-scale and the quality indices (free acidity, peroxide value and spectral absorption at 232, 266, 270 and 274 nm), induction time, colour values, fatty acid and volatile profiles were determined in order to examine changes on composition of the "Ayvalık" olive oils based on their growing area. Characteristically, it was found that volatile fraction of "Ayvalık" VOOs composed of aldehydes (29.72), terpene (12.68), alcohol (11.65), benzene ringed compound (4.71), ketone (3.49), organic acid (2.87), ester (1.84), furan (0.96) compounds on average percentage. It was highlighted with this research 61.84–87.36% of aldehydes, 0.00–91.11% of ketones, 0.00–46.11% of esters, and 34.53–92.06% of alcohols were generated only by lipoxygenase pathway. As a conclusion, Ayvalık VOOs had different chemical composition based on geographic origin. Therefore, it was considered that this work is so promising to directly accelerate that the number of geographic indicated VOOs linked to "Ayvalık" cultivar.

In this study, fresh and 12 month stored virgin olive oils (VOOs) were monitored with Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as a quick, non-destructive and no chemical used method. Principal component analysis (PCA) chemometric procedure was used to discriminate those in terms of diversity parameters (cultivar and growing area of olives) and detect possible chemical differences on lipid structure at the end of storage time. In this way, analyses were carried on at the beginning of the storage time and were repeated at the end of the storage time. 1488–924 cm⁻¹ band gave the best (PC1: 98%) discrimination at the beginning of storage. It was also observed that symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydroperoxides (3008, 2924, 1745 cm⁻¹) were found to be more intense at the end of the storage time. Moreover, 3080–2790 cm⁻¹ band gave the best (PC1: 96%) discrimination after 12 month expiry. In conclusion, FTIR spectroscopy was demonstrated to be a rapid tool with chemometric evaluation for accurate discrimination of olive oils based on cultivar and geographic origin.

Dust from intensive mining operations like quarrying is a major concern in urban areas and should be assessed from environmental and public health perspectives. This study investigates the geochemical properties of trace elements in street dust and their associated health risks, based on samples collected from 40 georeferenced sites across three densely populated districts of Istanbul (Sultangazi, Eyüp, and Gaziosmanpaşa) located near and affected by quarries. The concentration distribution of 21 elements (Si > Al > Fe > Mg > Na > Ti > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cu > Cr > V > Pb > Ni > Sb > Co > As > Cd > Hg > Mo > Sn) was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), indicating that elements associated with natural sources are more dominant. The concentrations of potentially toxic elements exhibited wide spatial variability, with Co ranging from 6.14 to 4467.49 mg kg ⁻¹ , Cr from 36.78 to 2933.88 mg kg ⁻¹ , Zn from 47.75 to 3828.63 mg kg ⁻¹ , Pb from 6.89 to 1166.41 mg kg ⁻¹ , and As from 0.25 to 1032.63 mg kg ⁻¹ . Pollution levels were assessed, revealing extremely high contamination levels for Co based on the enrichment factor (EF = 107.99) and for Sn based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo = 8.73). Human health risk assessment identifies ingestion as the dominant exposure pathway, with non-carcinogenic risk exceeding acceptable thresholds for children, particularly for Co, Cr, and As which their total hazard index was 2.65E+01. Carcinogenic risk via inhalation remains within acceptable limits. The findings emphasize the dominant role of particulate matter from quarries in contributing to urban street dust pollution. Moreover, the high levels of elements classified as potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dust, combined with quarrying activities, can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in environmental components, disrupting ecosystem balance and posing significant environmental and human health risks to communities living in these areas.