Currently, optical imaging techniques are extensively employed to automatically sort agricultural products based on various quality parameters such as size, shape, color, ripeness, sugar content, and acidity. This methodological review article examined different machine vision techniques, with a specific focus on exploring the potential of fluorescence imaging for non-destructive assessment of agricultural product quality attributes. The article discussed the concepts and methodology of fluorescence, providing a comprehensive understanding of fluorescence spectroscopy and offering a logical approach to determine the optimal wavelength for constructing an optimized fluorescence imaging system. Furthermore, the article showcased the application of fluorescence imaging in detecting peel defects in a diverse range of citrus as an example of this imaging modality. Additionally, the article outlined potential areas for future investigation into fluorescence imaging applications for the quality assessment of agricultural products.