Deep learning is a branch of machine learning with many layers, such as the You Only Look Once (YOLO) method. From various versions of YOLO, YOLOv6 and YOLOv7 are considered more prominent because they achieve high Mean Average Precision (mAP) values. Both versions of YOLO have been implemented into various problems, especially in the waste detection problem. Plastic bottle waste is one of the most common types of waste that pollutes Indonesian waters. This study aims to solve this problem by helping to sort waste in surface waters by applying YOLOv6 and YOLOv7. FloW-Img was used, obtained on request from the Orcaboat website. The dataset consists of 500,000 bottle objects in 2,000 images. The YOLOv6 and YOLOv7 models were evaluated using mAP and running time. The results show that YOLOv6 and YOLOv7 can handle bottle waste detection well, with mAP values of 0.873 and 0.512, respectively. In addition, YOLOv6 (4.21 m/s) has a higher detection speed than YOLOv7 (13.7 m/s). However, in tests with images that do not have bottle objects, YOLOv7 provides better detection accuracy and consistency results, making it more suitable for real-world applications that demand high accuracy in environments with much visual noise.

The cold-start issue in recommendation systems refers to the challenge of recommending items or users when minimal or no prior data is available. Meta-learning methods have emerged as a response to this challenge due to their ability to transfer prior knowledge to recommendation tasks. However, meta-learning techniques are still new, and a general literature review is missing. This paper reviews the existing literature on meta-learning techniques specifically designed to solve the cold-start issue in recommender systems. A systematic review of the literature published between 2018 and June 2024 was conducted, identifying only experimental papers that use meta-learning methods to solve the cold-start issue. Advances, strengths, and weaknesses of such methods were analyzed, and possible research directions for the future were identified. The results demonstrate the application of model-independent meta-learning (MAML) and other techniques such as optimization-based methods, few-shot learning frameworks, and gradient-based meta-learning methods to solve the cold start problem. It also shows how meta-learning improvement can be achieved by combining different strategies, using transfer learning, and effectively implementing the strategy. Some of the areas for further research are also listed. In summary, this work contributes to verifying the central mechanisms of the recently proposed meta-learning models for further research in dealing with the cold-start issue. Insights into user-item interactions, critical applications, and evaluation standards are provided.

Optimasi Derajat Keanggotaan Fuzzy Tsukamoto Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Sapi Potong