BACKGROUND:The aim of our study was to determine an influence of incarcerated inguinal hernia mesh repair on testicular circulation and to investigate consequent sperm autoimmunity as a possible reason for infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This prosp...

The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its correlation with immune microenvironment response (IMR), clinic-pathological parameters, and outcome. The sample included 76 male and 32 female patients who underwent surgical resection. The mean age of the males was 66 years, and that of the females was 64 years. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was diagnosed in 68 (63%) cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 35 (32%) cases, and NSCLC (not otherwise specified) in 5 (5%) cases. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 38 (36%) patients, 18 with N1 nodes and 20 with N2 nodes. PD-L1 expression was valuated as the percentage of positive cancer cells among all cancer cells. Gender, age, and histologic type were not associated with PD-L1 expression (all p > 0.05). The subtypes of ADC were associated with PD-L1 expression (p = 0.050). The papillary subtype was 4.3 times more common among PD-L1 negative than PD-L1 positive ADC; the solid subtype was 1.9 times more common among PD-L1 positive than PD-L1 negative ADC. IMR was predominantly strong in 19 cases, weak in 36, and absent in 53 cases. The median value of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells was positively correlated with IMR (p = 0.039). PD-L1 expression was not correlated with overall survival (p = 0.643). The patients with strong, inflammatory-like IMR had an average survival time that was 12 months longer than patients with absent/low IMR (LR = 2.8; p = 0.132). In conclusion, the papillary subtype was more commonly PD-L1 negative in comparison with other subtypes of ADC. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was connected with strong, inflammatory-like IMR. Patients with strong IMR tended to experience better outcomes. Further investigations are needed on larger-scale cohorts to elucidate the insights of this descriptive study.

Objectives Depression is characterized by a lack of energy, social withdrawal, and fatigue, and it is also associated with increased inflammation in the brain. Some studies suggest that adropin may have anti-inflammatory effects and could reduce the inflammatory processes contributing to depression. Methods: We included 54 newly diagnosed patients experiencing their first episode of depression and 56 healthy volunteers in this study. The participants with depression were divided into three subgroups based on DSM-5 and BDI-II criteria. The focus of the study was to compare adropin levels between depressive patients and healthy volunteers, as well as to monitor changes in adropin levels after six months of treatment for depressive patients. Results: Initial measurements showed no significant differences in standard laboratory parameters or adropin levels between the depression and control groups. However, adropin and vitamin D levels increased in the group of depressive patients during the six-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our research indicates that adropin plays a significant role in the development of depression and may influence the effectiveness of depression treatments.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati patohistološke osobitosti adenokarcinoma želuca i kratkoročne kliničke ishode u bolesnika operiranih u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2018. do 1. kolovoza 2020. godine.Materijali i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni bolesnici operirani zbog adenokarcinoma želuca u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2018. do 1. kolovoza 2020. Iz arhive povijesti bolesti i patohistoloških nalaza su prikupljeni sljedeći podatci: dob, spol, lokalizacija tumora, TNM stadij, gradus, histološki tip, status limfnih čvorova, dužina hospitalizacije, tip operacije. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja bolesnika muških je bilo 36 (65%), a ženskih 19 (35%). Stariji od 63 godine čine 75% ukupnog broja bolesnika. Najzastupljeniji patološki stadij je IIIA (20%), a srednja vrijednost udaljenosti tumora od ruba je 5,00 cm. Medijan odstranjenih limfnih čvorova je 6,50. Srednja vrijednost pozitivnih limfnih čvorova je 3,00. Srednja vrijednost pozitivnih limfnih čvorova kod tumora visokog gradusa je 9,86, a kod tumora niskog gradusa 2,32. Međutim, ne postoji statistički značajna poveza-nost, P=0,276. Najčešći tip operacije je bila subtotalna gastrektomija. Komplikacije su utvrđene u 29,09%, a potreba za revizijom je utvrđena u 9,09% bolesnika. Neposredno nakon operacije nije umro niti jedan promatrani bolesnik. Srednja vrijednost duljine hospitalizacije u bolesnika s komplikacijama je bila za 9 dana duža u odnosu na bolesnike u kojih komplikacija nije bilo. Zaključci: Demografske i patohistološke odrednice adenokarcinoma želuca ne odstupaju od ostalih istraživanja. Duljina re-sekcijskih rubova je u skladu sa smjernicama. Prosječan broj odstranjenih limfnih čvorova je manji od preporučenog. Histološki gradus je povezan s većim brojem pozitivnih limfnih čvorova, ali povezanost nije statistički značajna.

The chapter provides an overview of current findings on the influence of inguinal hernia surgery on male infertility, with special reference to the possibility of immunological sensitization as a cause of infertility. Numerous studies have been published on this topic, most of which indicate that inguinal hernia surgery using a mesh does not lead to infertility, as our research has also shown; however, there are still conflicting opinions. The chapter presents a review of the previous literature as well as the results from our two studies conducted at the Clinic for Surgery and the Department of Radiology, KBC Split, Croatia. In the first study, research was conducted on the impact of elective procedures using the Lichtenstein operation and TAP on testicular flow and immunological sensitization. Another study examined the same outcomes in a patient with a strangulated inguinal hernia who underwent a Lichtenstein operation.