Senior–Loken syndrome (SLSN) is a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by dysfunction of the primary cilium, primarily affecting the kidneys (typically leading to nephronophthisis) and eyes (typically leading to retinal degeneration). Moreover, patients with SLSN may experience additional multisystemic symptoms, such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, and nystagmus. To date, eight genes have been demonstrated to cause SLSN, all encoding for proteins involved in the structure and functions of the primary cilium. This places SLSN within an expanding category of diseases known as “ciliopathies”. Due to the genetic heterogeneity and significant phenotypic overlap with other ciliopathies, establishing a definitive diagnosis during the initial consultation remains a challenge for clinicians. Furthermore, current research on SLSN-related ciliopathies predominantly focuses on renal involvement, while the ocular manifestations remain insufficiently explored and lack a comprehensive review. Therefore, with the goal of offering practical guidance for clinical practice, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, along with an ocular perspective on the molecular mechanisms, genetic underpinnings, and advances in the treatment of SLSN.

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies worldwide, and its prognosis is shaped by both tumor characteristics and social factors such as marital status. This study examined the association between single marital status and disease-specific survival (DSS) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), with particular attention to its interaction with age. We analyzed 153,299 DTC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 from the SEER database. Compared to married patients, single individuals were younger and exhibited larger tumors and more advanced N and M stages, though with more favorable overall TNM stages. Unadjusted Cox regression suggested a protective effect of single status (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72–0.87), which reversed after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.46). This pattern was consistent in papillary and follicular subtypes but not in Hürthle cell carcinoma. Age modified this effect: single status was protective in patients < 55 years (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.99) but detrimental in those ≥ 55 years (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.29). Significant interactions were observed on both multiplicative and additive scales. Fine–Gray competing risk models confirmed these findings. Overall, single status exerts an age-dependent influence on DTC prognosis and warrants consideration in risk assessment.