The poorly managed effluents from industrial activities in Bangladesh contaminate groundwater aquifer with subsequent health risks as the most of the Bangladeshi people depend on groundwater for their drinking water sources. This study aimed to investigate the contamination level in the groundwater surrounding the Setabganj Sugar Mills Limited, Dinajpur, Bangladesh with special attention on the associated health risk of the dwellers residing around it. Stratified random sampling was adopted to collect 12 water samples from tubewell to identify concentration of heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy. We found metal concentration in groundwater in the order of Mn>Fe>Co>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr among which mean value of Mn concentration exceeded the drinking water standard while Fe and Pb concentrations in few samples exceeded the standards. Metal Index, Degree of Contamination, Pollution Load Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index confirmed more groundwater contamination at the vicinity of sugar mill compared with the other samples that taken from far away of sugar mill. Health risk assessment ensures that Infants and children have a great susceptibility to the contaminated groundwater all over the study area while the adults are at high risk only in the sugar mill region. Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis reveal that sugar mill contributes largely to groundwater contamination along with other anthropogenic and natural sources. The findings of this study will help the environmental managers and policy makers to understand the potential health risks from the effluent of sugar mills and will knock them to treat it prior to discharge.

In the Bay of Bengal (BoB) area, landfalling Tropical Cyclones (TCs) often produce heavy rainfall that results in coastal flooding and causes enormous loss of life and property. However, the rainfall contribution of TCs in this area has not yet been systematically investigated. To fulfil this objective, firstly, this paper used TC best track data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) to analyze TC activity in this area from 1998 to 2016 (January–December). It showed that on average there were 2.47 TCs per year generated in BoB. In 1998, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2016 there were 3 or more TCs; while in 2001, 2004, 2011, 2012, and 2015, there was only 1 TC. On a monthly basis, the maximum TC activity was in May, October, and November, and the lowest TC activity was from January to April and in July. Rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) were used to estimate TC rainfall contribution (i.e., how much TC contributed to the total rainfall) on an interannual and monthly scale. The result showed that TCs accounted for around 8% of total overland rainfall during 1998–2016, and with a minimum of 1% in 2011 and a maximum of 34% in 1999. On the monthly basis, TCs’ limited rainfall contribution overland was found from January to April and in July (less than 14%), whereas the maximum TC rainfall contribution overland was in November and December (16%), May (15%), and October (14%). The probability density functions showed that, in a stronger TC, heavier rainfall accounted for more percentages. However, there was little correlation between TC rainfall contribution and TC intensity, because the TC rainfall contribution was also influenced by the TC rainfall area and frequency, and as well the occurrence of other rainfall systems.