Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extensively used for several decades as a bioactive scaffold for regenerative medicine. In its cryopreserved form—one of the main storage formats—the presence of viable cells has often been questioned. Furthermore, there is little published evidence of the role of endogenous amniotic cells from cryopreserved hAM in tissue repair.

Central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) are benign but locally aggressive rare neoplasms that affect the bony skeleton, particularly the maxillofacial region. The purpose of this European multicenter study was to describe and assess the characteristics, diagnosis, management, and recurrence of CGCGs at different European oral and maxillofacial surgery centers. The data from all the treated CGCGs from the involved oral and maxillofacial surgical units across Europe between January 1st^, 2014 and December 31st^, 2023 were recorded. A total of 76 patients, including 37 males and 39 females diagnosed with CGCG met the inclusion criteria and were included. The mean age of the study population at diagnosis was 41.8 years. Fifty-three lesions were found in the mandible, with the most frequently involved subsite being the mandibular parasymphysis. Overall, 75.0 % of included CGCGs were unilocular. The most frequent treatment option was surgery alone. A total of 12 recurrences (15.8 %) were observed with a mean follow up of 41 months. Further genetic and molecular studies regarding the pathways underlying CGCGs are needed, in order to predict their natural history and to direct non-surgical therapies. In the meantime, surgeons should balance the risks of higher recurrence rates associated with lower surgical morbidity, performing an individualized treatment plan, taking into consideration the clinical and radiological features together with the patients' age and comorbidities. A radiographic follow-up of patients with treated CGCGs could advised for the first 5 years.

This study aimed to demonstrate an association between the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after orthognathic surgery and penicillin allergy and to assess whether other factors could be associated with the occurrence of SSI. A 10-year monocentric retrospective study was conducted to identify possible risk factors for SSI in orthognathic surgery. Bivariate analyses were performed using Fisher, Student, or Wilcoxon tests and multivariate analyses using logistic regression. Two hundred and sixty-six patients were included, and 3.5% had SSI. Bivariate analyses revealed a significant association between SSI and age at surgery (p = 0.01), penicillin allergy (p = 0.02), and postoperative antibiotic therapy by Clindamycin (Dalacine^®) (p = 0.02). Multivariate analyses confirmed the association between the occurrence of SSI and treatment with Clindamycin (Dalacine^®) or Clindamycin (Dalacine^®) and Metronidazole (Flagyl^®) postoperatively (p = 0.04). Antibiotic therapy with Clindamycin (Dalacine^®) seems to be associated with a higher rate of SSI, and the mandible was the only site affected by SSI.

The consequences of maxillofacial injuries are functionals and aesthetics. The initial treatment must lead to consolidation without any sequelae (complete healing with no clinical symptoms). 3D printing is increasingly used in maxillofacial surgery, but data on its use in the initial phase of trauma is scarce. We conducted a bibliographic search in PubMed’s electronic database with the following terms: maxillofacial traumatology, maxillofacial fracture, mandible fracture, maxillary fracture, zygoma fracture, LeFort fracture, fracture of the naso-ethmoido-maxillo-fronto-orbital complex, orbital fracture, nasal bones fracture, frontal sinus fracture, 3D printing, 3-dimensional printing, virtual planning. Data included study characteristics, material used, evaluation criteria, advantages, and disadvantages of the use of 3D printing. Fifty-six articles were selected and divided into 3 groups (multiple facial fractures, mandible fractures, and zygoma and/or orbital wall fractures). There were mainly retrospective studies and case reports, and the authors used CT scans to plan surgery. Printed objects were occlusal splints (n = 11 from fractures with occlusal disorders), and a skull model with fracture or after virtual reduction (n = 42). 3D printing permits a reduction in operating time from 15 to 60 min. The authors often used them to preshape plates, and the evaluation criteria were essentially radiologic (position of the implant compared to planning, precision of the reduction, orbital volume, etc.). The use of 3D printing permits reduced operating times and better visibility of movements. However, this often requires a post-operative CT scan, and little account is taken of clinical criteria. 3D printing and acute maxillofacial trauma: an overview of the literature.