Small area hybrid organometal halide perovskite based solar cells reached performances comparable to the multicrystalline silicon wafer cells. However, industrial applications require the scaling-up of devices to module-size. Here, we report the first fully laser-processed large area (14.5 cm ² ) perovskite solar module with an aperture ratio of 95% and a power conversion efficiency of 9.3%. To obtain this result, we carried out thorough analyses and optimization of three laser processing steps required to realize the serial interconnection of various cells. By analyzing the statistics of the fabricated modules, we show that the error committed over the projected interconnection dimensions is sufficiently low to permit even higher aperture ratios without additional efforts.

Efficient flexible perovskite solar cells and modules were developed using a combination of SnO₂ and mesoporous-TiO₂ as a fully solution-processed electron transport layer (ETL). Cells using such ETLs delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.8%, which was 30% higher than the PCE of cells with only SnO₂ as the ETL. The presence of a mesoporous TiO₂ scaffold layer over SnO₂ led to higher rectification ratios, lower series resistances, and higher shunt resistances. The cells were also evaluated under 200 and 400 lx artificial indoor illumination and found to deliver maximum power densities of 9.77 μW/cm² (estimated PCE of 12.8%) and 19.2 μW/cm² (estimated PCE of 13.3%), respectively, representing the highest values among flexible photovoltaic technologies reported so far. Furthermore, for the first time, a fully laser-patterned flexible perovskite module was fabricated using a complete three-step laser scribing procedure (P1, P2, P3) with a PCE of 8.8% over an active area of 12 cm² under an illumination of 1 sun.