This article focuses on the development of a system based on the long-range network (LoRa), which is used for monitoring the agricultural sector and is implemented in areas of the Andean region of Ecuador. The LoRa network is applied for the analysis of climatic parameters by monitoring temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and ultraviolet radiation. It consists of two transmitter nodes and one receiver node, a LoRa Gateway with two communication channels for data reception and one for data transmission, and an IoT server. In addition, a graphical user interface has been developed in Thinger.io to monitor the crops and remotely control the actuators. The research conducted contains useful information for the deployment of a LoRa network in agricultural crops located in mountainous areas above 2910 m.a.s.l., where there are terrains with irregular orography, reaching a coverage of 50 hectares and a range distance of 875 m to the farthest point in the community of Chirinche Bajo, Ecuador. An average RSSI of the radio link of −122 dBm was obtained in areas with a 15% slope and 130 m difference in height according to the Gateway, where the presence of vegetation, eucalyptus trees and no line-of-sight generated interference to the radio signal. The success rate of PDR packet delivery with an SF of nine, had a better performance, with values of no less than 76% and 92% in uplink and downlink respectively. Finally, the technological gap is reduced, since the network reaches places where traditional technologies do not exist, allowing farmers to make timely decisions in the production process in the face of adverse weather events.

The impact of the ultraviolet radiation index is becoming more intense and dangerous for the health of the epidermis and eyesight of people, especially for farmers in the Chirinche Bajo (Ecuador) community. Farmers are exposed to the intense sun during their work days in the crops, for this reason, a technological system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was proposed to inform them of the UV index to which they are exposed and take precautions to go out to do their daily work. A monitoring device was developed and an application in the API of the Thinger.io platform to visualize and manage alarms. During the monitoring time, the system detected a UV index higher than 9 in the morning and afternoon hours (11am to 1pm), which according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is classified as very dangerous: it recommends wearing clothing that covers most of the body, sunscreen, a hat and sunglasses. In the community, the farmers use their traditional hat, which does not cover their faces optimally, and due to the lack of economy, they do not use sunscreen. The project is an initial contribution to create a culture of information and technological development in rural agricultural areas of Ecuador.

El propósito de la investigación es ayudar a los agricultores que dispongan de dispositivos de bajo costo para el monitoreo en tiempo real de los cultivos para minimizar perdidas por efectos climáticos adversos en zonas de la región Andina del Ecuador. El diseño de la red de largo alcance (LoRa) está constituida por nodos finales, puerta de enlace y plataforma IoT thinger.io para crear la interfaz gráfica de usuario a fin de monitorear y controlar los equipos a distancia. Una de las características de zonas andinas son los terrenos irregulares; los parámetros evaluados son medidos en intervalos de 80m, la red alcanzo una distancia de 805m de cobertura. Para evaluar la sensibilidad de la señal, se ubicó los nodos finales en una quebrada a desniveles de 15m de profundidad donde la vegetación y los árboles, perjudicaron a la señal de comunicación registrando medidas de intensidad de señal recibida RSSI de -126 dBm y relación señal/ruido SNR de -9.25 dB.

El estudio se enfoca en la implementación de una micro estación fotovoltaica Off-Grid en un criadero de cuyes en la comunidad de Chirinche Bajo, Ecuador. Debido a la lejanía de los criaderos de las redes eléctricas y el racionamiento que el país ha experimentado, la tecnología fotovoltaica se presenta como una solución para proporcionar energía limpia y promover la autonomía energética. La cría de cuyes es una actividad fundamental para muchas familias en la región andina, pero enfrenta obstáculos debido a la falta de iluminación adecuada durante las actividades en las noches y en las madrugadas. Para resolver este problema, se sigue una metodología detallada que incluye la estimación de la demanda de energía, la evaluación de la radiación solar disponible, la selección de componentes del sistema y el diseño e implementación del sistema fotovoltaico. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que la micro estación cumple exitosamente su propósito de iluminar el criadero de cuyes, demostrando su funcionalidad y utilidad práctica. La integración de la tecnología fotovoltaica en la cría de cuyes no solo beneficia a los agricultores en términos de generación eléctrica, sino que también contribuye al desarrollo comunitario y al logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU, específicamente los objetivos 7 y 8. Esto implica un impacto positivo en la comunidad al proporcionar acceso a energía limpia y promover el crecimiento económico sostenible. The study focuses on the implementation of an off-grid photovoltaic micro-station in a guinea pig farm in the community of Chirinche Bajo, Ecuador. Due to the remoteness of the farms from the power grid and the rationing that the country has experienced, photovoltaic technology is presented as a solution to provide clean energy and promote energy autonomy. Guinea pig farming is a fundamental activity for many families in the Andean region, but faces obstacles due to the lack of adequate lighting during night and early morning activities. To solve this problem, a detailed methodology is followed that includes estimation of energy demand, evaluation of available solar radiation, selection of system components, and design and implementation of the photovoltaic system. The results of the study show that the micro station successfully fulfills its purpose of illuminating the guinea pig farm, demonstrating its functionality and practical utility. The integration of PV technology in guinea pig farming not only benefits the farmers in terms of electricity generation, but also contributes to community development and the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically Goals 7 and 8. This implies a positive impact on the community by providing access to clean energy and promoting sustainable economic growth.