This study examines the mediating role of psychological meaningfulness and safety between leadership styles and employee commitment to service quality (ECSQ) drawing on self-concept theory. A total of 446 hotel employees working in the hotel industry in Bangladesh participated in a cross-sectional survey. Partial least square results indicate that servant leaders have both direct and indirect effects on ECSQ through psychological meaningfulness and safety. Testing the mediating effect of each psychological condition according to self-concept theory reveals the differences between the servant and transactional leadership styles. Transactional leaders do not positively influence ECSQ directly, but do so through psychological meaningfulness, and not through psychological safety. The results of the study imply that hospitality professionals should concentrate on developing psychologically safe and meaningful work environments by inculcating the servant leadership style.

Purpose: Drawing on self-concept theory, this study evaluates the mediating effects of employees' psychological states on the relationship between human resources (HR) practices and employee engagement.Design/methodology/approach: Through random sampling, 434 customer-contact frontline employees from five-star hotels in Malaysia participated in the cross-sectional survey.Findings: The results produced by the Smart-PLS (partial least squares) indicate that HR practices positively and significantly influence employees' psychological states of safety, meaningfulness and availability. All these psychological states also exert positive influences on employee engagement (organisational and work engagement). Safety and availability mediate the links between HR practices and employee engagement, but not meaningfulness.Practical implications: HR practices and employees' psychological states are necessary in ensuring positive employee outcomes and improving customer service provision.Originality/value: The findings contribute to the further extension of self-concept theory and employee engagement by incorporating the mediating roles of employees' psychological states in the relationships between HR practices and employee engagement.研究目的: 以自我概念理論為依據，本研究擬評估僱員的心理狀態、如何在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上起著仲介的效應。研究方法: 透過隨機抽樣法，434名在馬來西亞五星級酒店工作、接觸顧客的一線員工被選參與一個橫斷面調查。研究結果: 以SmartPLS (偏最小平方)取得的研究結果顯示、人力資源做法正面地影響著員工的安全感、工作給予的意義和感知的組織支援；而且，這些心理狀態，均會對員工的敬業度(對組織的自豪感及對工作的投入)起著正面的影響。另外，安全感和感知的組織支援在人力資源做法與員工敬業度之間的聯繫上、起著仲介之效應；唯工作給予的意義則沒有這個效應。研究的原創性: 研究結果進一步伸展了自我概念理論及員工敬業度方面的論述，這是由於本研究把員工心理狀態所扮演的中介角色，納入人力資源做法與員工敬業度的聯繫中。研究給予的啓示: 若要確保積極的員工成果及提供更佳的顧客服務，有效的人力資源做法和正面的員工心理狀態是不可或缺的。

Purpose: This research examines the role of green, inclusive leadership, corporate social responsibility, and pro-environmental attitudes on proactive pro-environmental behaviour among hotel employees. It further examines the indirect effects of pro-environmental attitudes between green inclusive leadership, corporate social responsibility, and proactive pro-environmental behaviour, as well as the moderating role of psychological contract breach between pro-environmental attitudes and proactive pro-environmental behaviour.Design/methodology/approach: The participants of this cross-sectional study were employees in the Malaysian hotel industry, and 374 usable questionnaires were used for data analysis. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling.Findings: This study found that green, inclusive leadership, corporate social responsibility, and pro-environmental attitudes significantly influence proactive pro-environmental behaviour. For mediating effects, pro-environmental attitudes have been found to mediate the relationship between corporate social responsibility, green inclusive leadership and proactive pro-environmental behaviour.Research limitations/implications: The research proposes actionable measures to encourage environmentally friendly practices in the hotel sector. For companies to succeed, they must integrate green initiatives with their societal objectives. Pro-environmental mindsets are essential for implementing effective environmental policies, which in turn impact recruitment approaches. The advantages of fostering pro-environmental conduct encompass financial savings, enhanced standing, adherence to regulations, increased innovative thinking and improved workplace well-being.Originality/value: Over time, environmental degradation has been contributed by individual behaviours and the combined actions of businesses and organisations. This study significantly contributed to a new model underpinned by the Self-determination Theory by including new constructs influencing proactive pro-environmental behaviour.

Purpose: This study aims to validate the motivating language scale developed by Mayfield et al. (1995) in the context of the hotel industries of Bangladesh and Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: For Study 1, data were collected from employees (lower and mid-level) of three to five-star hotels in Bangladesh. Customer-contact employees working in four- and five-star hotels in Malaysia participated in Study 2. Both studies featured a cross-sectional survey design. Findings: Factor analysis revealed that both samples provided three-factor solutions for the motivating language scale in both countries. Convergent, discriminant and nomological validity were assessed by testing with outcome variables of motivating language. Research limitations/implications: Future studies may use all three versions of the scale (Bengali, Malay and English) to collect data, as all three have been validated. Originality/value: By validating the Bengali and Malay versions of the motivating language scale, this study contributes to the leadership language literature, specifically that related to hotel industries in developing contexts.

The main objective of this article is to investigate how the AI interactive approaches of travel apps affect tourists’ travel choices directly or indirectly through perceived images, in order to further understand whether tourists can have a favorable user experience in the face of this non-human service, and whether the interactive approaches should be adapted to satisfy the marketing intentions set by the travel app in response to the competitive strength in the marketplace. The research methodology uses quantitative analysis, hypotheses supported by a theoretical background and the formation of a research model, the collection of basic data through questionnaires, and data analysis using structural equation modeling with Amos 22.0. The major findings are associated with the essential role of the interactive approaches (including informativeness, playfulness, and personalization approaches) offered by the travel apps on both the users’ perceived images and travel choices. This not only emphasizes the role of AI interactive approaches in the experiential travel assistance provided to users, but also represents a stronger marketing element to the destination perceived image composition and travel decisions of tourists. The findings also support the development of approaches for human-android interaction and tourism marketing with AI as the main service. This research has the scientific value of an integrated disciplinary analysis that combines theories from computer technology, tourism management, and psychology.

Domestic tourism in Malaysia has contributed significantly to the country's economy and made a sustainable impact on the tourism industry. Langkawi is one of the most visited tourists' attractions in Malaysia which is well-known for island tourism and Geotourism. This study explores the relationship of tourists' motivation, destination brand engagement and domestic tourists' revisit intention in Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, Malaysia. The study also examined the mediating role of destination brand management and destination trust between tourists motivation and revisit intention. This study used a quantitative approach to explore the relationships among dependent, independent and intervening variables. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 212 usable questionnaires returned and utilised for further analysis. For analysis purpose, the researchers decided to utilise SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM version 3 for inferential analysis. The results found that tourists' motivation significantly influences destination brand engagement and destination trust for a direct relationship. Results also found that destination brand engagement and destination trust significantly affect tourists' revisit intention in Geopark Langkawi, Malaysia.