This review examines the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the discovery and optimisation of neuroprotective natural products (NPs) for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), emphasising the transition from general computational drug discovery to AI-specific approaches designed to address the chemical complexity and bioactivity profiles of natural compounds. The discussion encompasses relevant datasets, AI models, illustrative case studies, and emerging protein and biological targets that may serve as potential points of intervention for the prevention and treatment of NDDs. The review is organised to guide the reader from foundational knowledge to applied strategies; it begins by outlining the chemical and biological principles underlying neuroprotective NPs, then presents AI-driven computational frameworks for NP discovery, followed by a detailed examination of recent case studies in NDDs. Subsequent sections address the key challenges, opportunities, and future directions in the field, concluding with an evaluation of prospects for interdisciplinary collaboration across medicinal chemistry, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence.