The Lamiaceae family are utilized as ornamental, medicinal, and food supplements throughout the world. The current study focuses on a comparative analysis of the phenolic compositions and bioactivities (including antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antibacterial activities) of ethanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts of the two species (Lavandula stoechas L. and Thymus sipyleus Boiss). The presence of phenolic compounds and phytochemicals in the plant extracts was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that vanillic acid (125,596.66 µg/L) was the most abundant phytochemical in L. stoechas. Kaempferol (8550.52 µg/L) was the most abundant substance in Thymus sipyleus. The assessment of the antioxidant efficacy of the species extracts was conducted using the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), ABTS (2.2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ reducing, and CUPRAC (Cu²⁺–Cu⁺ reducing) assays. The anticholinergic activity of the samples was determined using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results of antioxidant activity were higher in the T. sipyleus than in the L. stoechas ethanol extracts. The extracts of L. stoechas exhibited radical scavenging activity ranging from 15 to 18%, while T. sipyleus had activity effects ranging from 34% to 38%. The AChE inhibition potential for L. stoechas and T. sipyleus extracts as IC₅₀ values were 0.221 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of these species against pathogenic bacteria isolates were determined using the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) method. These findings indicated that the extracts from L. stoechas and T. sipyleus possess the potential to be natural antioxidants in the realm of food preservation. Additionally, their antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antimicrobial properties suggest potential therapeutic utility in the management of certain diseases.

Corn tassel (CT) is a waste part of the corn plant. It is a good co-product and rich in terms of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. This research tried to show the phenolic profile, antioxidants, anticholinergic activities, and antibacterial properties of CT ethanol extract. The phenolic content analysis of the CT was determined quantitatively by LC-MS/MS, and the antioxidant capacity was measured using ABTS, DPPH, Cu²⁺–Cu⁺, and Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ reducing methods. The anticholinergic measurements of CT were detected by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The antibacterial activity was determined by MIC and disc diffusion methods. Many phenolic compounds such as vanillic acid, caffeic acid, fumaric acid, acetohydroxamic acid, butein, myricetin, resveratrol, catechin hydrate, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were detected in ethanol extract of CT. The obtained plant ethanol extract had a 7.04% DPPH value, while it showed ABTS activity at 9.45%. Moreover, it had a 0.10 mg/mL inhibition effect on the AChE in terms of IC₅₀ values. The ethanol extract of the CT had an antibacterial property on the investigated bacteria at different ratios. In conclusion, this research aims to consider CT as a source of phenolic compounds and to reveal its bioactive properties and its effects on the treatment of some diseases.

In the present study, the phenolic content by using LC MS/MS method, anticholinergic, antioxidant (metal reduction, radical and removal of lipid peroxidation), and antibacterial activities of Erica manipuliflora Salisb. (EMS) extract were determined. The amount of vanillic acid, fumaric acid, catechin hydrate, quercetin, and phloridzin dihydrate were found higher than other compounds. The ethanol extract of the EMS showed an inhibition effect on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme with IC₅₀ value of 0.124 ± 0.008 mg mL^-1. Also, this extract of the EMS indicated radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavenging activity (about 20%) and the reducing capacity for Cu(II) and Fe(III) close to trolox, and inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid with 40.5% at 20 μg mL^-1. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium using agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The EMS extract was found to be effective when used at least 312 mg mL^-1 concentration on the pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, it has an important non-synthetic natural content that can be used in the treatment of many diseases due to its many bioactivities such as anticholinergic, antioxidant (radical removal, lipid peroxidation prevention, etc.) and antibacterial.

Dipeptides are short peptide molecules formed by the peptide bond between two amino acids, and they play significant roles in various biological processes (such as protein synthesis, nutrient absorption, cellular signaling, immune response). Short peptides have a prominent place in the design of self-assembling materials. In particular, dipeptides have gained considerable attention in the field of biotechnology as a type of self-organizing nanostructure due to their low cost, simplicity of synthesis, biocompatibility, and tunability of functionality. However, there is limited knowledge about peptide and protein-based nanostructures in the literature. Therefore, more information is needed on dipeptide nanostructures, especially in terms of their potential applications for biomedical purposes. This review focuses on dipeptide nanostructures, particularly their potential uses in biomedical applications, and provides a broader perspective on the advantages, challenges, synthesis, interactions, and applications of these nanostructures.

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibition properties of Equisetum ramosissimum, a medicinal plant traditionally used in Turkey. The main aim was to characterize its bioactive compounds and evaluate their biological relevance using modern analytical techniques. Ethanolic extracts of the plant were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, enabling the identification and quantification of 13 phenolic compounds, including kaempferol (1458.11 µg/L), vanillic acid (1002.26 µg/L), and resveratrol (424.12 µg/L). Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, where the extract demonstrated strong radical scavenging and metal reducing capacity. Enzyme inhibition studies revealed significant inhibitory effects on AChE, BChE, and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values comparable to standard inhibitors. These findings indicate that E. ramosissimum is a rich source of phenolic compounds with strong antioxidants and enzyme inhibitory properties. The originality of this work lies in its systematic evaluation of Turkish E. ramosissimum populations, highlighting their potential as natural therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Abelmoschus esculentus’a ait çiçek kısımınlarının etanolik ekstraktının antioksidan ve antikolinerjik özelliklerini, fenolik bileşik profilini ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini araştırmaktır. Fenolik bileşiklerin analizi LC-MS/MS ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesi (radikal giderme, metal indirgeme gücü ve toplam antioksidan aktivite) DPPH, ABTS, Cu2+-Cu+ indirgeme (CUPRAC), Fe3+-Fe2+ indirgeme ve ferrik tiyosiyanat yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite, disk difüzyon ve MIC (Minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu) yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Antikolinerjik özellik ise, asetilkolinesterazın (AChE) inhibisyonu ile tespit edilmiştir. Bitki özütünde miktar bakımından en fazla bulunan başlıca fenolik bileşiğin asetohidroksamik asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sırasıyla kuarsetin, myrisetin, fumarik asit, vanillik asit, ellagik asit, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit, salisilik asit, kafeik asit, kemferol, bütein, protokateşik asit, kateşin hidrat, oleuropein ve diğer bileşenler tespit edilmiştir. Bitkinin etanolik özütü, %29.41 DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi gösterirken, %20.59 ABTS radikal giderme aktivitesine ve ayrıca orta düzeyde metal indirgeme potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca ekstrakt, 0.18 mg mL-1 IC50 değeri ile AChE üzerinde bir inhibisyon etkisi göstermiştir. Bitkinin etanol özütü, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ve Salmonella Typhimurium üzerinde farklı düzeylerde antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, A. esculentus çiçek özütünün, sahip olduğu antioksidan, antikolinerjik ve antibakteriyel özellikleri ile bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.