Although there is a large volume of literature on the relationship between Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and firm performance, only a limited number of studies have focused on the banking sector. In addition, most of them used linear models. Therefore, in this study, we examined the impact of ESG and ESG pillar scores (environmental, social, and governance) on the market value of U.S. commercial banks by using linear and non-linear panel regression models over the period of 2016–2020. Moreover, we used the market value as a bank value indicator and included the effect of COVID-19. Results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between market value and ESG and The Social Pillar Score (SPS) and a U-shaped relationship between market value and The Environment Pillar Score (EPS). Findings from this study are important indicators for investment managers and policymakers who want to maximise bank market value while complying with ESG standards.

Development of the economy cannot be done at the cost of deterioration of ecology. Green finance is the most practical way of economic development and ecological development. To tackle the urgent challenges of climate change, several summits and conferences have adopted a sustainable development framework for their action plans. The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a unique collection of seventeen time-bound goals that strive to balance the three sustainability objectives of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This research has been carried out to assess the present status of green finance in India and see its impact on startups. A green startup's success probability and importance are explained with specific case studies. By extracting the data from various published reports, it has been found that government initiatives are turning green by providing green finance, and Indian startups are exploiting this opportunity by the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship. India has been on a path toward green project finance for some years now, and significant adjustments have been made to the country's financial sector to embrace ecologically friendly methods. Businesses are the economy's engine, and adopting sustainable business practices is critical for reaching carbon neutrality.

Financial literacy is a path to sustainability and has an important role in ensuring the financial sustainability of individuals, families, enterprises and national economies. The level of these economic indicators such as debt, payment discipline, savings and financial management all translate into prosperity or insolvency and bankruptcy and result partially from financial literacy. The higher the level of financial literacy, especially of young people, the more favourable the level of economic indicators, which translates into the economy and sustainable development. With this study we aim to determine the level of financial literacy of high school students in Poland and to determine whether financial literacy changes according to gender. The most important element that distinguishes our study from the others is that or study was carried out with a large sample of high school students with an average age of 15–16 years. In addition, the effect of gender on financial literacy at an early age was investigated, also comparing the wider themes to the so-called narrow themes. The results of the research demonstrated a good and partially very good, level of financial knowledge of the young people in Poland. 45.3% obtained an average level score and 43.8% achieved a high-level score in financial knowledge. This result shows that they can be rational in their financial decision making. However although, it is understood that gender makes a difference on financial behaviour and use of financial instruments, gender does not make any difference on the level of financial knowledge. Moreover, the financial literacy level of males is found to be higher than females.

Fintech allows investors to explore previously unavailable investment opportunities; it provides new return opportunities while also introducing new risks. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between risk and return in the fintech industry in the Indian stock market. This article is based on market-based research that focuses on demonstrating the volatility in the fintech market’s prices and demystifying the opportunities. Secondary data were collected from the Bombay Stock Exchange’s official fintech industry website from January 2017 to July 2022 to determine whether there is any dynamic link between risk and return in the Indian fintech market. The variance-based Mean-GARCH (GARCH-M) model was used to determine whether there is a dynamic link between risk and return in the Indian fintech market. The findings emphasize the importance of taking the risk of investing in India’s fintech industry. The implications for stock investors’ and fund managers’ portfolio composition and holding periods of equities or market exposure are significant. Finally, depending on their investment horizons, the Indian fintech industry may yield significant profits for risk-taking individuals.

The purpose of this article is to show the effect of Risk Perception RP and Risk Definition RD on the Risk-Addressing Behaviour RB. To carry out this study secondary data was used from a semi-structured survey administered between February and June 2020, a period during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identified six dimensions of risk perception and thus tested six structural models. Risk perception (ξ RP) is defined as an external latent variable in the study. It is also assumed that the risk perception variable may affect the risk definition variable (η RD). The application software SmartPLS was used to analyse data through exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares structural equation modelling on our research model. To achieve Convergent validity of the structural equation model of partial least squares, three criteria were met. In the study, Discriminant Validity was examined using the Fornell-Larcker criterion and Heterotrain-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) coefficients. Results reveal that there is no direct relationship between the RB and “religion and beliefs”, the “fear level, the experience”, the “peer influences level” and the “openness”. However, we found a positive relationship between the agreement on “knowledge” and on RB and statistically significant relationships between the agreement on the RD and the agreement on the “religion and beliefs”, the “fear level”, the “experience”, the “knowledge”, the “peer influences level” and the RB. Moreover, there is an indirect relationship when controlling for the agreement on the RD between the agreement on the RB and the agreement on the “fear level”, the “experience”, the “knowledge” and the “peer influences level”. However, there is no relationship between the agreement on the “openness” and the agreement on the RB and a statistically significant but moderate relationship between the agreement on the RD and the agreement on the RB. Although, there seems to be abundant research on RP, so far we have found only a few studies on the influencing factors of RP, as effected by RB and RD, especially in distressed times such as during this current pandemic period of COVID-19. This study adds to body of literature and sheds new light on the interaction between RP, RB and RD in a time of distress. It provides important and original information that may be useful for government agencies, businesses, individuals, and the media when setting policies, governance structures, regulations, procedures and determining how to communicate.

Reliability analysis aims to assess the dependability and performance of a system over time, considering factors such as device failures, communication issues, and data integrity. By integrating taxonomy and reliability analysis, researchers can systematically analyze and enhance the reliability of IoT systems by addressing specific components and categories identified in the taxonomy. IoT based on its reliable applications is classified among various categories such as smart home devices, smart watches, electric vehicles with IoT capabilities, industrial, healthcare, agriculture, soil monitoring sensors, smart city infrastructure, environmental monitoring devices, and smart energy management devices. The need for a consistent taxonomy was one of the problems recognized and examined in this paper even though IoT management technology is developing. To examine the reliability analysis of IoT systems, we created a brand-new taxonomy for IoT gadgets that places a strong focus on administration. We have released a completely new IoT reliability RBD model analysis at different gateways and Round-Trip Time is to be analyzed. It features an aircraft for dependability. Our goal is to help administrators of networks, as well as designers, put processes in place that will analyze and enhance the reliability of IoT systems. To implement techniques to increase the IoT system's reliability, we may utilize the management capabilities to keep an eye on the devices. ChatGPT can act as the conversational interface for ISABELA. By integrating ChatGPT with ISABELA's functionality, users can have natural language conversations with ISABELA, making the interaction more intuitive and user-friendly. A use case study of ISABELA has enhanced the position of the CHATGPT system in the IoT system which increase the efficiency and reliability of IoT designs and networks.