A sponge campus aims to improve the overall effectiveness of the stormwater system of campus through the use of low-impact development (LID) measures to cope with climate extremes, heavy rainfall, and flooding. This study endeavors to assist companies and organizations in addressing issues such as evaluating the effectiveness of LID measures in sponge campuses to confirm the soundness of sponge solutions. To accomplish the goal, this study employs a methodology to assess the effectiveness of LID measures by constructing five objectives (total annual runoff control rate, runoff pollutant reduction rate, flood flow control, peak present time extension, and stormwater utilization system) and finally verifies the validity of this methodology through real examples. The results of the study demonstrate that the Sponge campus program is reasonable and meets the requirements for Sponge City construction in the area. After implementing LID measures, the total annual runoff control rate reaches 81.5%, the reduction rate of runoff pollutants (SS) exceeds 65%, the flood peak flow is reduced by more than 30%, and the peak moment of the flow at the outfall is extended by 4-6 minutes. The campus can effectively alleviate urban flooding problems by rationally configuring the LID measures and constructing a sustainable stormwater management system with a multi-objective orientation. This also improves the efficiency of stormwater resource utilization. The contribution of this study lies in providing valuable methods and insights for understanding and evaluating the effectiveness of LID measures. It also provides a certain reference for engineers and planners engaged in the field, which is crucial for the future construction of Sponge City.

With the intensifying trend of population aging, the positive effects of Urban Green Space (UGS) on Psychological Well-being (PW) among older adults have garnered increasing attention. Previous studies examined the unidirectional pathways through which objective UGS exposure indicators influenced PW via Sense of Place (SOP) or Perceived Restorativeness (PR). However, little empirical work has addressed how UGS exposure affects PW in older adults through a dual mediation pathway encompassing both SOP and PR. To address this gap, this study investigated representative urban parks in Fuzhou, China. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) as objective exposure indicators, along with survey data capturing older adults’ perceived characteristics (PC) of UGS, SOP, and PR, we developed a multilevel structural equation model to explore how NDVI, NDWI, and PC influence PW through the dual mediators of SOP and PR. Results indicated that (1) NDVI and PC influence PW either directly or indirectly via the mediators SOP and PR, with PC exhibiting a significantly stronger effect than NDVI; (2) NDWI has no significant effect on SOP and PW, but it indirectly influences PW through PR; (3) PR moderated the link between SOP and PW; (4) under the dual-pathway mechanism, PR contributes more substantially to PW than SOP. This study enriches the understanding of how UGS contributes to PW and advocates for integrating exposure characteristics, place qualities, and restorative elements into the framework of age-friendly city planning to guide targeted health interventions for the elderly. Moreover, SOP–PR insights from an East Asian city inform global aging urbanism.