A simple ultrasonic radiation method was employed for the preparation of zinc and cadmium sulfide solid solution (Zn_xCd_1−xS; x = 0–0.25 wt.%) with the aim to investigate its efficiency for H₂ production via a visible light-driven water-splitting reaction. The catalyst characterization by X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of solid solution (Zn_xCd_1−xS) between CdS and ZnS phases. All catalysts exhibited hierarchical morphology (from SEM and TEM) formed by aggregated nanoparticles of Zn_xCd_1−xS solid solution with crystals showing mainly (111) planes of cubic CdS phase. The crystal size linearly decreased with an increase in Zn incorporation in the crystal lattice (from 4.37 nm to 3.72 nm). The Zn_xCd_1−xS photocatalysts showed a gradual increase in the H₂ evolution, with an increase in the Zn concentration up to 0.2 wt.% making the most effective Zn_0.2Cd_0.8S catalyst toward H₂ production. From the catalyst activity–structure correlation, it has been concluded that the twin-like CdS structure, the (111) plane and specific morphology are the main factors influencing the catalyst effectivity toward H₂ production. All those factors compensated for the negative effect of an increase in band gap energy (E_bg) after ZnS incorporation into solid solution (from 2.21 eV to 2.34 eV). The effect of the catalyst morphology is discussed by comparing H₂ evolution over unsupported and supported Zn_0.2Cd_0.8S solid solutions.

Solid solutions Zn_xCd_1−xS were compared by coprecipitation and sonochemistry methods, where . This rate is the one that presents the best photocatalytic activity and the best performance for the production of hydrogen from a water source, according to our previous results. The influence of the synthesis method on the morphology and its electronic properties of the CdS and Zn_0.2Cd_0.8S systems was investigated, as well as the effect of the incorporation of Zn in the crystal lattice and its effect on the production of hydrogen from the division of water. X-ray diffraction characterization confirmed the formation of a solid solution corresponding to a face-centered cubic crystalline phase with preferential growth of (111), (220), and (311) planes and hierarchical morphology according to SEM and TEM microscopy, formed by aggregated nanoparticles of Zn_xCd_1−xS compound. The crystallite size decreased with the Zn incorporation in the crystal lattice from 8.61 nm by a coprecipitation method to 4.37 nm when the synthesis was assisted with sonochemistry, and the crystallite sizes range from 7.92 nm to 3.80 nm for the case of CdS pure. Other characterization techniques were also used, such as photoluminescence (PL), Raman microscopy, and N₂ adsorption and desorption. The PL results show tunability of band edge emission as a function of zinc concentration in the Zn_0.2Cd_0.8S nanoparticles. For the water splitting to hydrogen production, the separation of the charge carriers promoted by the incorporation of Zn in addition to the shallow trap emissions generated defects in the catalyst structure; such processes are important factors found which increased with the sonochemical method, as well as the potential matched positions.