The purpose of this work is to make use of vegetables that, although widely found in nature, there are few applications. The weeds used here, Cyanthilium cinereum (L.) H. Rob (CCLHR) and Paspalum maritimum (PMT) found in the Amazon region of Belém state of Pará-Brazil, contribute to the problem of water contamination by the removal of the methylene blue dye through the biosorption process, taking advantage of other materials for economic viability and processing. The influences of parameters such as, biosorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration of dye were examined. The characterizations were realized using SEM to verify the morphology of the material and spectroscopy in the FTIR region. As for the adsorption mechanism, the physical adsorption mechanism prevailed. The time required for the system to reach equilibrium for both biosorbents was from 50 min, following a kinetics described by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherm data for PMT were better adjusted to the Langmuir model and the biosorption capacity ( $q_{max}$ ) value was (56.1798 mg/g). CCLHR was better adjusted to the Freundlich model and its maximum biosorption capacity was 76.3359 mg/g. Thus, these weed species are promising for the biosorption of methylene blue dye in effluents.

In recent decades, the unique characteristics of natural fibers have promoted their use as reinforcement in polymeric composites. This is verified in several industrial sectors, from packaging to automotive and civil construction. Among the natural fibers, the raffia fiber extracted from the palm tree Raphia vinifera and introduced in the Amazon region a long time ago; started to be considered for the production of polymeric composites only in recent years. For the first time, the effect of raffia fiber length and its alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of a polymer composite was disclosed. Tensile tests were performed in composites with raffia fibers randomly dispersed into terephthalate-based unsaturated polyester resin. The results showed an increase in the Young’s moduli, confirmed by ANOVA, for the composite with both untreated and alkali-treated fibers in comparison to the plain polyester, which characterizes a stiffening effect. The composites with alkali treated fibers exhibited similar tensile strength values for all lengths; however, their strengths are lower than those for the untreated condition due to a weak raffia fiber/polyester matrix adhesion. Therefore, this work fills the current knowledge gap on raffia fiber incorporation in polyester matrix and valorizes this abundant Brazilian resource, providing additional information towards the use of raffia fiber in polymer composites.

Theoretical reference: The composites are formed by combining two or more materials, enabling improvements in properties and a variety of applications. These materials are highlighted by presenting low cost and enabling environmentally friendly alternatives. Method: Quantitative study, In this work, composites of polyester matrix reinforced by mauve fibers, jatoba wood residues and hybrid mauve/residue system, were analyzed mechanically and microstructurally. The fabrication of the composites began with the cut of the mauve fibers in the lengths of 5, 10 and 15 mm. In the manufacture of the specimens, terephthalic polyester resin was used with incorporation of fibers and residue. The specimens were produced in silicone molds, for the tensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results and conclusion: From the results obtained in the tensile test, it is observed that the resistance of the composites with mauve fibers of 15 mm (25,09 MPa) and hybrids in the proportions of 75% fiber/25% residue (26,06 MPa). In the microstructural characterization, the composites analyzed presented factors that contributed to the improvement and reduction of performance in the results of tensile strength. Implications of the research: It presents important and overwhelming results on composite materials with wood waste and mallow fibers, providing an alternative for inserting waste and fibers into materials with good properties and low cost. Originality/value: The compounds stand out for their simple and viable manufacturing method, in addition to superior results in relation to proven properties. Given the need to search for new materials with good properties and with minimal impacts on the environment.

The development of wind turbines for regions with low wind speeds imposes a challenge to the expansion of the corresponding energy generation capacity. The present work consists of an evaluation of the potential carded jute fiber and jute yarn to be used in the construction of a wind blade for regions of low wind intensity. The fibers used were supplied by Company Textile of Castanhal (Castanhal-Para-Brazil) and used in the study without chemical treatment in the form of single-filament fibers and yarns with a surface twist of 18.5°. The composites were produced through the resin infusion technique and underwent tensile and shear tests using 120-Ohm strain gauges and a blade extensometer to obtain the Young’s modulus. In the analysis of the results, the ANOVA test was applied with a 0.05 significance level, followed by Tukey’s test. The results showed that long, aligned jute fibers can be a good option for laminated structures applied in composites for small wind turbine blades.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de compósitos reforçados com fibras naturais se alia à nova lógica do desenvolvimento sustentável e potencializa a produção de materiais ambientalmente corretos. A chave para tornar economicamente viável e ambientalmente favoráveis estes novos materiais passa pela adaptação de técnicas consagradas de fabricação de compósitos às propriedades peculiares e intrínsecas das fibras naturais, como o processo de infusão, que por se tratar de um processamento em molde fechado contribui para a redução das emissões de voláteis ao meio ambiente na etapa de fabricação. Neste trabalho estudaram-se como as principais variáveis do processo de infusão afetam as propriedades do compósito quando são utilizadas fibras naturais como reforço de uma matriz de poliéster insaturado. Produziram-se placas reforçadas com fibras de curauá, juta e palha da costa arranjadas na forma de fios alinhados ou tecido em estilo plano sob diferentes níveis de vácuo no processamento. A elevação do nível de vácuo altera a condição de compactação das fibras modificando sua porosidade, interface fibra/matriz e consequentemente as propriedades do compósito. Os compósitos foram caracterizados quanto à sua resistência à tração, módulo de elasticidade, impacto Charpy e porosidade. Os resultados mostraram que o processo de infusão possibilitou a fabricação de compósitos com até 45% de fração volumétrica de fibra, com porosidade em torno de 2% e excelente estabilidade dimensional. Verificou-se ainda que, no geral, a elevação do nível de vácuo alterou significativamente as condições de compactação dos reforços, alterando, a depender da estrutura da fibra utilizada, a eficiência da interface matriz/reforço.

The hybridisation of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs), particularly with the combination of natural and synthetic fibres, is a prominent option for their development. In the context of the construction industry, there is a notable gap in research on the use of jute and glass fibres for the strengthening of concrete structures. This paper presents comprehensive experimental results from tests on seven reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened for shear using synthetic, natural, and hybrid jute–glass FRP composites. The beams were reinforced using the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique with U-wrap bonding. A beam without any strengthening was tested and set as a reference for the other beams. Two beams were tested with synthetic FRP shear strengthenings, one with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and another with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP). The remaining tests were on RC beams strengthened with natural jute fibre-reinforced polymer (JFRP) and hybrid jute–glass FRP. The paper discusses the experimental behaviour of the tested beams in terms of vertical displacements, crack widths, and strains on steel bars, concrete, and FRP. The experimental strengths are also compared with theoretical estimates obtained using ACI 440.2R and fib Bulletin 90. The tests confirm the effectiveness of natural jute FRP and jute–glass hybrid FRP as an option for the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams.