Leucojum aestivum is a medicinal plant belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family well known as a producer of alkaloids such as galanthamine and lycorine. However, the endophytic microbes that colonize different plant tissues without causing any damage have not been reported in this plant. Here, we explored the different endophytic bacterial communities isolated from different surface disinfected tissues of L. aestivum ‘Gravety giant’ and screened bacterial isolates producing alkaloids and their potential use as biocontrol agent against wheat pathogens. For that purpose, endophytic bacteria were isolated from bulbs, roots and shoots of L. aestivum. After taxonomical characterization, these microorganisms were screened for their ability to produce alkaloids using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and untargeted liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) strategies. We isolated 138 bacteria belonging to four phyla and 42 genera, mainly from roots and shoots. The most abundant genera were Rahnella in shoot, Patulibacter in bulb and Bacillus in roots. Among the different bacterial isolates, the methanolic extracts of Luteibacter rhizovicinus (LaBFB3301) and Commamonas denitrificans (LaBFS2103) slightly delayed the growth of F. graminearum colonies in in vitro dual tests against F. graminearum and M. nivale strains with 15.5% and 19.9% inhibition rates, respectively. These isolates are able to produce an indolic alkaloid tryptophol (C₁₀H₁₁NO, [M + H]⁺ 162.0913). These endophytic bacteria might be investigated to characterize the plant protection effect and the plant growth promotion effect.

In viticultural systems, agricultural intensification has often led to altered microbial diversity and functionality, resulting in degraded soil quality and resilience. This study aimed to assess, over a one-year period and at a single sampling time point, the effects of contrasting management practices, including sustainable practices such as vitiforestry, which integrates trees into vineyards, on microbial communities and soil biological functions. These effects were compared with those observed under conventional viticulture and in two additional systems: a fallow land and a farmland (managed under a crop rotation between Poaceae and Asteraceae). We analyzed microbial (bacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and nematode communities in both soil and root compartments, as well as enzymatic activities involved in key nutrient cycles. The vitiforestry plot exhibited higher levels of organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen, along with increased enzymatic activity, particularly for enzymes involved in phosphorus and carbon cycling. In terms of enzymatic activity and soil moisture, the vitiforestry system resembled a more stable ecosystem, such as a fallow-land. Microbial diversity was greater in this system, with distinct bacterial and fungal communities compared to those observed under conventional viticulture. Soil fungal communities were especially responsive to management practices, with higher species richness under vitiforestry. In contrast, root-associated fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities were more homogeneous across management systems. These results indicate that vitiforestry improves soil biological activity and microbial diversity compared to other practices. This highlights its potential as a sustainable viticultural practice aligned with agroecological principles.