Goat milk composition is affected by feeding, and in semiarid rangeland, information on Creole goat milk physicochemical composition is lacking. For the fulfillment of this objective, three agroecological regions (AR) considering altitude (lowland 87, highland 779, and mountain 1309 m above sea level) with different botanical compositions were chosen. Every AR analyzed accounted for 30 goat herds, with a total of 90 herds. The results demonstrated that altitude had an influence mainly on density and protein. Milk density increases as altitude increases; conversely, milk protein increases as altitude decreases. On the other hand, in the mountain and lowland ARs, the salts and solids not fat (SNF) percentages were higher compared to that of the highland AR (p < 0.05). The freezing point (FP) was higher at highland altitudes compared to that of mountain and lowland ARs (p < 0.01). In the milk fatty acids (FA) profile, only the C14:1 value was affected by altitude, whereas goat milk at lowland and mountain altitudes had higher values compared to that at highland altitudes (p < 0.05). Additionally, late lactation stage fat, FP, and pH values were higher compared to early lactation values. The opposite effect was observed for salts and SNF. In the FA profile, late lactation values were higher for C10:0 and C8:0 compared to early lactation values. The opposite trend was observed for C18:2n6t. The thrombogenic index was significantly higher at lowland altitudes compared to highland altitudes, and similar to the mountain AR. These goat milk characteristics could be explained as a consequence of animal nutrition, as well as the goat’s meat-type phenotype.

Los sistemas de producción de rumiantes en pastoreo mantienen un potencial de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), en especial el metano entérico (CH4). En sistemas intensivos de producción de leche bovina se estima una emisión de 1 kg de CO2eq kg de energía-leche corregida (ECM), comparada con > 7 kg de CO2eq kg de ECM en los sistemas extensivos. El objetivo de este artículo fue evaluar las estrategias usados para mitigar las emisiones de CH4 y destacar aquellas con potencial de implementación en los sistemas pastoriles, desde el punto de vista económico y sustentable. Las estrategias de alimentación y modificadores de la biota en el rumen pueden disminuir las emisiones en un rango de 14 a 50%, mientras que reducciones por manejo y selección de rumiantes van de 15 a 30%. La adopción de más de una estrategia en los sistemas pastoriles puede ayudar a mitigar las emisiones de CH4.

Las fiestas son la expresión del patrimonio de los recursos sociales, culturales, ecológicos y han logrado formas de perpetuarse, a pesar de las condiciones y determinantes de la modernización. Existen procesos de reconfiguración en los distintos ámbitos de la vida comunitaria, particularmente en las fiestas patronales, ocasionados por el enfrentamiento entre la modernidad y la tradición. En la presente investigación se realizó un estudio de las fiestas patronales en el distrito de Tlaxiaco con el objetivo de conocer la importancia de la organización y su vinculación con expresiones sociales y culturales. La estrategia metodológica comprendió la documentación etnográfica de trece fiestas en distintos municipios durante el año 2017 y la aplicación de un cuestionario en 2018. Los resultados muestran la existencia de una gran diversidad y dinámica regional, con una interacción durante el año de colectivos municipales a través de organizaciones civiles y religiosas; sostenidos en el ejercicio del compromiso social que hace posible la reproducción del principio comunitario de la solidaridad. Un baluarte patrimonial esencial de las comunidades.

The low nutritive value of pastures in tropical regions represents a limitation in the productivity of grazing ruminants. The objective was to determine the in vitro chemical and fermentative characteristics of nine tropical grasses (Aruana [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Aruana], Bermuda [Cynodon dactylon L.], Estrella de África [Cynodon Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst], Insurgente [Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. Stapf.], Llanero [Andropogon gayanus Kunth], Mombaza [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Mombaza], Pará [Brachiaria mutica Stapf], Pangola [Digitaria eriantha Steud.], and Tanzania [Panicum maximun Jacq. cv. Tanzania]) at three regrowth ages (30, 45, and 60 days). The chemical analysis was used to determine the concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash (Ce). The in vitro trial measured partial (24, 48, and 72 h) and cumulative biogas and methane production, fermentation kinetics estimators (A, b, and k), dry matter degradation (DMD) and detergent neutral fiber degradation (NDFD), pH, and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3). The experimental design was completely randomized at each regrowth age. In conclusion, based on chemical analysis and fermentative characteristics, Pangola and Estrella pastures performed better at each regrowth age.

Nutritional blocks (NB) are a strategy to supplement nutritional deficiencies in animals. This study aimed to determine in vitro ruminal fermentative characteristics and NB consumption preferences in sheep. Four criollo sheep (30 ± 3.0 kg BW) were used. Feeding consisted ad libitum of pangola grass and treatments. The treatments were: T1 = NB control (without pods); T2 = NB with 15% algarrobo pods; and T3 = NB with 15% parota pods. In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and consumption preferences were evaluated. The experimental design for in vitro ruminal characterization was a completely randomized design, and Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05) was used to compare means. A descriptive analysis was performed for consumption preference. In the in vitro assay, T2 showed the highest (P ≤ 0.05) cumulative biogas production at 2 hours of incubation. T1 showed higher biogas production at 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours of incubation, as well as cumulative production, metabolizable energy, dry matter degradation, and neutral detergent fiber (P ≤ 0.05). In the in vivo trial, consumption of pangola grass was 16.4% higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the consumption of nutritional blocks. The consumption of blocks with parota pods increased by 53.4% (P ≤ 0.05) compared to those containing carob pods and the control block. It is concluded that the inclusion of parota pods can be an alternative for use in nutritional blocks due to the preference registered in sheep.

Linear body measurements (LBM) can be used to develop selection criteria for breeding animals. They are an indirect way to estimate live weight (BW) in some herbivores. The objective of this study was to obtain a formula to estimate the BW of unscaled female goats from five MCLs. Body length (CL), thoracic perimeter (TP), rump width (WG), rump height (HH), withers height (HC) and PV with scale were recorded in 206 Creole goat females from the Altiplano region (RA) and San Fernando Valley (SFVR) of the state of Tamaulipas. Student's t-tests for comparison of means, Pearson correlations and generalized linear models were performed to obtain multiple regressions. Goats from the RVSF presented lower LC and AC compared to those from the RA (P<0.01). Correlations in both districts were positive and significant. The proposed formula for PV estimation in the RA was (0.80 × PT) -29.83 and for the RVSF (0.89 × PT)-37.30. No differences were observed between the live weight obtained with scale (PVB) and the estimated live weight (PVE). Las medidas corporales lineales (MCL) se pueden utilizar para desarrollar criterios de selección de animales de cría. Estas son una forma indirecta de estimar el peso vivo (PV) en algunos herbívoros. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener una fórmula que permita estimar el peso vivo de hembras (PVH) caprinas sin báscula (PVH) a partir de cinco MCL. Se registró la longitud corporal (LC), perímetro torácico (PT), anchura de la grupa (AG), altura de la grupa (ALG), altura de la cruz (AC) y PV con báscula (PVB) en 206 hembras caprinas criollas de la región del Altiplano (RA) y el Valle de San Fernando (RVSF) del estado de Tamaulipas. Se realizaron pruebas "t" de Student para la comparación de medias, correlaciones de Pearson y modelos lineales generalizados para obtener regresiones múltiples. Las cabras del RVSF presentaron una menor LC y AC comparada con las del RA (P<0,01). Las correlaciones en ambos distritos fueron positivas y significativas. La fórmula propuesta para la estimación del PVH en la RA fue (0.80 × PT) -29.83 y para el RVSF (0.89 × PT)-37.30. No se observaron diferencias entre el PVH y el peso vivo estimado (PVE).